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Exam # 3 Amy

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  • explain how arresting cell gains a positive charge outside in a negative charge inside

     Potassium ion leaking out of the cell.*

  • Explain the meaning of resting membrane potential.

    Know that the resting cell is polarized. 

  • List the “voltage” (number value) inside of a “resting” cell. 

    -70

  • -Explain how the outside of a resting cell becomes positive and the inside of a resting cell becomes negative.

    Potassium ion leaking out of the cell.

  •  The number of ATP per Creatine / how many seconds

    1 ATP = 1 creatine

    10 sec

  • 1 ATP = hoe many seconds of energy

    5 sec

  • Dorsiflexion

    is the movement that brings the top of your foot closer to your shin. It’s one of the most important motions at the ankle for walking, running, squatting, and jumping.

  • Anaerobic glucose splits in half

    two ATP are made from one glucose 45 seconds

  • Aerobic pathways  ATP   

    30 ATP per glucose

  • Red fibers 

    slow twitch fibers slow ATP less powerful aerobic pathways 30 ATP per glucose 30 minutes energy high endurance lots of my little globin small

    White fibers 

  • White fibers 

    fast ATP more powerful little or no oxygen aerobic pathway glucose 2 atps one min exercise very powerful large no myoglobin

  • Pink fibers 

    big fast ATP mylogobinum blood powerful endurance

  • Isotonic contraction

    muscle shortens when contracts

     isometric contraction   muscle does not move even with tension

  • Muscle fatigue   

    caused by the buildup of potassium outside of muscle

  • Opposition touch each singer with thumb

    Reposition moves some from pinky back to index finger

    Plantarflexion 

    Stand on toes

    Flat foot

    Pronation

     turns the foot outward subnation turns the foot into high of an arch

    touch each singer with thumb

  • Reposition

    moves some from pinky back to index finger

  • Plantarflexion 

    Flat foot

    Stand on toes

  • Pronation

    too high of an arch

    turns the foot outward

  • When your muscles don’t get enough oxygen, pyruvic acid is converted into lactic acid, which helps your cells keep making a little ATP (energy) without oxygen.

    pyruvic acid is converted into lactic acid, which helps your cells keep making a little ATP (energy) without oxygen.

  • Flexion-

    Decreases the angle between articulating bones by bringing the two bones closer together;

  • Extension-

    Increases the angle between articulating

    bones

  • Abduction-

    Motion of a body part away from the midline of the body or another reference point (such as the midline of the hand or foot)

  • Adduction-

    Motion of a body part toward the midline of the body or some other reference point

  • Dorsiflexion-

    The angle between the foot and the tibia decreases; Toes are pulled towards the head

  • Plantarflexion-

    The angle between the foot and the

    tibia increases; Toes point toward the ground

  • Supination-

    Forearm is supinated when palm faces anteriorly with the thumb pointing laterally

  • Pronation-

    Turn the palmar surface medially until it faces posteriorly with the thumb pointing medially

  • Circumduction-

    A freely moveable distal bone moves around a stationary proximal bone in a cone shaped motion; Sum total of flexion

  • unhappy triad

    Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)

    Medial collateral ligament (MCL)

    Medial meniscus

    anterolateral ligament (ALL)

  • Tommy John surgery

    ulnar collateral ligament (UCL)

    inside of the elbow

  • Skeletal muscle cells are called

    Skeletal Muscle Fibers because of their long, thin shape; surrounded by a thin layer of extracellular matrix

  • Between 10 and 100 muscle fibers are bundled together into a group called

    a Fascicle,

  • Sarcoplasm

    is the cytoplasm of a muscle fiber

    between the myofibrils.

  • Myofibrils —

    the dominant structures responsible for contraction.

  • Large glycogen stores

    fuel reserves for ATP production.

  • Myoglobin

    an oxygen‑binding protein that gives muscle its red color and supports aerobic metabolism.

  • Numerous mitochondria —

    reflecting the high energy demand of muscle.

  • Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) —

    a specialized smooth ER that stores and releases calcium.

  • Myostatin is a protein

    Its main job is to prevent muscles from growing too large or too fast,

  • 1. Action potential comes to terminal

    2.AP opens calcium chnnel on the terminal

    3. calcium goes into the terminal and causes ACH to come out of the terminal neurotransmitter

    4. ACH is a ligand that opens sodium Chnnel

    5. sodium ion goes into the muscle

    6. Sodium causes the muscle cell to depolarize.

    Event # 1.6  AP > neron > muscle

  • Action potential opens a second Channel sodium goes into the muscle potassium opens potassium goes out of the cell repolarized

    Event # 2 

  • 1. Action potential goes down the tubular

    2. action potential pushes a switch that opens a calcium channel on the Sr 3.calcium guns out of the Sr

    Event # 3 .3 excitation contraction coupling * getting calcium out of the Sr

  • Event # 4. 5

    the cross Bridge 

  • Rigor mortise

    Synchondroses

     bones that are joined together by hyaline cartilage

    Costol 

    Cartilage between sternum and ribs

    No ATP 

    Myosin heads stays attached to thin filliment

  • Synchondroses

     bones that are joined together by hyaline cartilage

     bones that are joined together by hyaline cartilage