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excercise 25/26: respiratory system

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Terms in this set (32)

  • Meatuses
    Narrow passages in the nasal cavity that help direct airflow and increase surface area for warming and humidifying air.
  • Conchae
    Curved bony ridges in the nasal cavity that create turbulence to warm, moisten, and filter inhaled air.
  • Pharynx
    A muscular tube that connects the nasal and oral cavities to the larynx and esophagus; involved in both respiration and digestion.
  • Pharyngotympanic tube
    Also called the auditory tube; connects the middle ear to the pharynx to equalize air pressure.
  • Palates (soft, hard, uvula)
    The hard palate forms the bony roof of the mouth; the soft palate is muscular and closes off the nasal passages during swallowing; the uvula hangs from the soft palate.
  • Larynx
    Voice box containing the vocal cords; includes structures like the vestibular fold, vocal cords, epiglottis, glottis, and thyroid cartilage.
  • Vestibular fold
    Also called false vocal cords; protect the true vocal cords and help close the larynx during swallowing.
  • Vocal cords
    True vocal cords that vibrate to produce sound when air passes through the glottis.
  • Epiglottis
    A flap of cartilage that covers the glottis during swallowing to prevent food from entering the trachea.
  • Glottis
    The opening between the vocal cords through which air passes.
  • Thyroid cartilage
    The largest cartilage of the larynx; forms the laryngeal prominence (Adam's apple).
  • Cricoid cartilage
    A ring-shaped cartilage located below the thyroid cartilage; provides support to the larynx.
  • Trachea
    A flexible tube supported by tracheal cartilages that conducts air from the larynx to the bronchi.
  • Tracheal cartilages
    C-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage that keep the trachea open and prevent collapse.
  • Esophagus
    A muscular tube posterior to the trachea that transports food from the pharynx to the stomach.
  • Thyroid gland
    An endocrine gland located anterior to the trachea that produces thyroid hormones.
  • Hyoid bone
    A U-shaped bone in the neck that supports the tongue and is an attachment site for muscles of swallowing.
  • Tongue
    A muscular organ in the mouth involved in taste, speech, and manipulating food.
  • Laryngeal prominence
    The visible projection of the thyroid cartilage, commonly known as the Adam's apple.
  • Carina
    The ridge of cartilage at the base of the trachea where it divides into the left and right primary bronchi.
  • Bronchi
    The two main airways branching from the trachea that lead into each lung.
  • Bronchiole
    Smaller branches of the bronchi that lead to the alveolar ducts and alveoli.
  • Lobes
    Distinct sections of the lungs; the right lung has three lobes, the left lung has two.
  • Alveoli
    Tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs between air and blood.
  • Elastic fibers
    Fibers in lung tissue that allow the lungs to stretch and recoil during breathing.
  • Smooth muscle fibers
    Muscle fibers in the walls of bronchi and bronchioles that regulate airway diameter.
  • Mucous glands of the bronchi
    Glands that secrete mucus to trap particles and moisten the airway lining.
  • Pulmonary artery
    Carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs for oxygenation.
  • Pulmonary vein
    Carries oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the left atrium of the heart.
  • Bronchiolar artery
    Supplies oxygenated blood to the lung tissue itself, including the bronchi and connective tissue.
  • Alveolar capillary network
    A dense network of capillaries surrounding alveoli where gas exchange occurs.
  • Alveolar pores
    Small openings between adjacent alveoli that allow air pressure to equalize and collateral ventilation.