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Histology: Tissue Types in Anatomy & Physiology

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Terms in this set (20)

  • What are the four main types of tissues studied in histology?

    Epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue.

  • What is the primary function of epithelial tissue?

    To cover body surfaces, line cavities, and form glands for protection, absorption, secretion, and filtration.

  • Name the characteristic features of epithelial tissue.

    Closely packed cells, polarity (apical and basal surfaces), avascularity, and high regeneration capacity.

  • What distinguishes connective tissue from other tissue types?

    It has abundant extracellular matrix and connects, supports, or binds other tissues.

  • List the main components of connective tissue.

    Cells, fibers (collagen, elastic, reticular), and ground substance (fluid or solid matrix).

  • What are the three types of muscle tissue?

    Skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle.

  • Describe skeletal muscle tissue.

    Voluntary, striated muscle attached to bones for movement.

  • What is unique about cardiac muscle tissue?

    Involuntary, striated muscle found only in the heart with intercalated discs for synchronized contraction.

  • Where is smooth muscle tissue found and what is its function?

    In walls of hollow organs; it is involuntary and controls slow, sustained contractions.

  • What is the main function of nervous tissue?

    To transmit electrical signals for communication and control within the body.

  • Name the two main cell types in nervous tissue.

    Neurons (signal transmitters) and neuroglia (support cells).

  • What is the role of the extracellular matrix in connective tissue?

    Provides structural support and mediates biochemical interactions between cells.

  • How does epithelial tissue receive nutrients if it is avascular?

    By diffusion from underlying connective tissue.

  • What type of connective tissue stores energy and insulates the body?

    Adipose tissue.

  • Which tissue type forms the lining of blood vessels and alveoli?

    Simplified squamous epithelial tissue.

  • What is the function of reticular fibers in connective tissue?

    To form a supportive network in soft organs like lymph nodes and the spleen.

  • What structural feature allows skeletal muscle to contract rapidly?

    Its striated appearance due to organized sarcomeres.

  • How do neurons transmit signals?

    Via electrical impulses along axons and chemical signals at synapses.

  • What type of epithelial tissue is specialized for absorption and secretion?

    Cuboidal and columnar epithelial tissues.

  • What is the function of elastic fibers in connective tissue?

    To provide elasticity and allow tissues to stretch and recoil.