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Kidney Anatomy & Nephron Structure

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  • What are the main external structures of the kidney visible in the model?

    Kidney and ureter are the main external structures visible.

  • Name the three parts of the urinary bladder shown in the model.

    Urinary bladder, trigone, and urethra.

  • What are the key internal kidney structures labeled in the cross-section model?

    Minor calyx, renal pelvis, major calyx, renal artery, renal vein, and ureter.

  • Which parts of the nephron are labeled in the detailed kidney model?

    Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), distal convoluted tubule (DCT), descending limb, ascending limb, and nephron loop.

  • What structures are shown in the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule microscopic image?

    Glomerulus, parietal epithelial cells, and Bowman's capsule.

  • What are the main components of the nephron diagram?

    Afferent arteriole, efferent arteriole, glomerulus, Bowman's capsule, proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), distal convoluted tubule (DCT), loop of Henle, and collecting tubule.

  • What is the function of the ureter in the urinary system?

    The ureter transports urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder.

  • What is the trigone area of the urinary bladder?

    The trigone is a triangular region of the bladder base between the openings of the ureters and urethra.

  • What is the role of the renal artery and renal vein in the kidney?

    The renal artery carries oxygenated blood to the kidney; the renal vein carries oxygen-depleted blood away.

  • What is the function of the minor and major calyces in the kidney?

    Minor calyces collect urine from renal pyramids; major calyces collect urine from minor calyces and drain into the renal pelvis.

  • What is the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) responsible for in the nephron?

    The PCT reabsorbs water, ions, and nutrients from the filtrate back into the blood.

  • What is the function of the distal convoluted tubule (DCT)?

    The DCT further adjusts filtrate composition by selective secretion and reabsorption.

  • Describe the loop of Henle's role in the nephron.

    The loop of Henle concentrates urine by reabsorbing water and salts in its descending and ascending limbs.

  • What is the collecting tubule's function in the nephron?

    The collecting tubule collects urine from multiple nephrons and transports it to the renal pelvis.

  • What cells form the outer layer of Bowman's capsule?

    Parietal epithelial cells form the outer layer of Bowman's capsule.

  • What is the glomerulus composed of and what is its function?

    The glomerulus is a network of capillaries that filters blood plasma into Bowman's capsule.

  • What is the difference between afferent and efferent arterioles in the nephron?

    Afferent arteriole brings blood to the glomerulus; efferent arteriole carries filtered blood away.

  • Where does the filtrate go after leaving Bowman's capsule?

    Filtrate enters the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) after Bowman's capsule.

  • What is the role of the renal pelvis in the kidney?

    The renal pelvis collects urine from major calyces and funnels it into the ureter.

  • How does the nephron contribute to urine formation?

    The nephron filters blood, reabsorbs needed substances, secretes wastes, and forms urine.