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Musculoskeletal System - Medical Terminology Unit2(chapter6)

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Terms in this set (28)

  • What are the main components of the musculoskeletal system?
    The musculoskeletal system consists of bones, muscles, and joints.
  • What connects bones to form the skeleton?
    Ligaments join bones to form the skeleton.
  • What is the function of joints in the musculoskeletal system?
    Joints provide flexibility for movement by allowing two bones to meet and move.
  • How are muscles attached to bones and what is their role?
    Muscles are attached to bones by tendons and contract to move bones at joints.
  • List four major functions of the musculoskeletal system.
    Support the body, furnish movement, store minerals (calcium and phosphorus), and protect vital organs.
  • What does the root word 'oste/' mean?
    The root word oste/ means bone.
  • Define 'flexion' in terms of muscle movement.
    Flexion is closing a joint by decreasing the angle between two bones.
  • Define 'extension' in muscle movement.
    Extension is opening a joint by increasing the angle between two bones.
  • What is 'abduction' movement?
    Abduction is moving limbs away from the body's midline.
  • What is 'adduction' movement?
    Adduction is moving limbs toward the body's midline.
  • Explain 'supination' and 'pronation' of the forearm.
    Supination rotates the forearm so the palm faces upward; pronation rotates it so the palm faces downward.
  • What is muscle atrophy?
    Muscle atrophy is the loss or lack of muscle mass or development.
  • What is muscle hypertrophy?
    Muscle hypertrophy is the excessive development of muscle mass.
  • What causes carpal tunnel syndrome?
    Carpal tunnel syndrome is caused by pressure on tendons and nerves passing through the carpal tunnel of the wrist.
  • What is fibromyalgia?
    Fibromyalgia is widespread aching and pain in muscles and fibrous soft tissue.
  • Describe gout and its common site.
    Gout is a disease causing pain, swelling, and redness in joints, especially the big toe, due to uric acid buildup.
  • What is osteoarthritis?
    Osteoarthritis is the loss of cartilage cushion covering bones in joints, causing inflammation and bone rubbing.
  • What is rheumatoid arthritis?
    Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease causing joint pain, stiffness, and swelling.
  • Define osteoporosis.
    Osteoporosis is an abnormal decrease in bone mass making bones porous and fragile.
  • What is osteomalacia?
    Osteomalacia is the softening of the bone due to defective bone mineralization.
  • Name three abnormal spinal curvatures.
    Kyphosis (excessive thoracic curvature), lordosis (excessive lumbar curvature), and scoliosis (lateral S-shaped curvature).
  • What is muscular dystrophy?
    Muscular dystrophy is an inherited progressive muscle wasting disease where muscle tissue is replaced by fatty tissue.
  • What is electromyography used for?
    Electromyography records the electrical activity in muscles to diagnose muscle disorders.
  • What is an arthroscope?
    An arthroscope is an instrument used to view a joint during arthroscopy.
  • What is arthroplasty?
    Arthroplasty is the surgical repair of a joint.
  • What does ORIF stand for and what does it involve?
    ORIF stands for Open Reduction and Internal Fixation, a surgery to realign and stabilize fractured bones with hardware.
  • Name common pharmacological treatments for musculoskeletal conditions.
    Muscle relaxers, NSAIDs, antibiotics, antispasmodics, and corticosteroids.
  • What does the abbreviation NSAID mean?
    NSAID means nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, used to treat pain and inflammation.