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Nervous System Anatomy & Physiology Study Guide

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Terms in this set (30)

  • Approximate number of neurons in the human brain
    About 20 billion neurons.
  • Structure separating the left and right cerebral hemispheres
    The longitudinal fissure.
  • Grooves on the surface of the brain
    Called sulci.
  • Ridges on the surface of the brain
    Called gyri.
  • Brain region responsible for conscious thought and memory
    The cerebrum.
  • Brain region that processes sensory information before the cerebrum
    The thalamus.
  • Structure regulating emotions, autonomic functions, and hormone production
    The hypothalamus.
  • Brain structure coordinating complex motor patterns and balance
    The cerebellum.
  • Part of the brainstem controlling heart rate and breathing
    The medulla oblongata.
  • Function of the pons
    Relays signals between brain regions.
  • Another name for the midbrain
    The mesencephalon.
  • Four fluid-filled cavities in the brain
    Called ventricles.
  • Fluid filling the brain ventricles
    Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
  • Structure producing cerebrospinal fluid
    The choroid plexus.
  • Frequency of cerebrospinal fluid replacement
    About every 8 hours.
  • Three layers of the cranial meninges
    Dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater.
  • Outermost meningeal layer
    The dura mater.
  • Meningeal layer directly covering the brain surface
    The pia mater.
  • Function of the blood-brain barrier
    Protects the brain from harmful substances.
  • Artery supplying arterial blood to the brain
    The internal carotid arteries.
  • Structure connecting the left and right cerebral hemispheres
    The corpus callosum.
  • Lobe processing visual information
    The occipital lobe.
  • Lobe processing auditory information
    The temporal lobe.
  • Lobe controlling voluntary skeletal muscle movement
    The frontal lobe.
  • Lobe processing touch and pressure sensations
    The parietal lobe.
  • Function of the hippocampus
    Memory formation.
  • Structure processing emotions such as fear and aggression
    The amygdala.
  • Brain structure containing the pineal gland
    The epithalamus.
  • Hormone produced by the pineal gland
    Melatonin.
  • Brain structure regulating body temperature and thirst
    The hypothalamus.