Skip to main content
Back

Set #1 Axial Skeleton and Bone Tissue - Anatomy & Physiology

Control buttons has been changed to "navigation" mode.
1/35
  • Diaphysis (Long Bone)
    The elongated, cylindrical shaft of a long bone located between the proximal and distal epiphyses.
  • Epiphysis (Long Bone)
    The expanded structural end of a long bone at both proximal and distal extremities of the bone shaft.
  • Medullary (Marrow) Cavity
    The hollow internal space within the diaphysis of a long bone containing yellow bone marrow in adults.
  • Epiphyseal Line/Plate
    The remnant of the hyaline cartilage growth plate located in the metaphysis between epiphysis and diaphysis.
  • Compact Bone
    Dense, hard bone tissue forming the protective outer layer of all bones and the bulk of the diaphysis.
  • Spongy Bone
    Lightweight bone tissue with a lattice of trabeculae, primarily inside epiphyses and flat or irregular bones.
  • Osteon
    The structural and functional unit of compact bone; cylindrical structures with mineral matrix and osteocytes in concentric layers.
  • Concentric and Interstitial Lamellae
    Concentric lamellae are rings of calcified matrix around a central canal; interstitial lamellae are remnants of old osteons between intact ones.
  • Central Canal
    A microscopic tunnel running longitudinally through an osteon housing blood vessels and nerves.
  • Osteocytes
    Mature bone cells that maintain the bone matrix, located inside lacunae.
  • Lacunae
    Tiny fluid-filled cavities within bone matrix, each housing a single osteocyte.
  • Canaliculi
    Microscopic canals connecting lacunae and the central canal for nutrient and waste exchange.
  • Trabeculae
    Interconnecting plates or spikes forming the meshwork of spongy bone tissue.
  • Periosteum
    A fibrous, cellular membrane covering the external surface of bones except at joint surfaces.
  • Frontal Bone
    The anterior bone forming the forehead and roofs of the orbital sockets.
  • Frontal Sinus
    An air-filled cavity within the frontal bone just above the eyebrows.
  • Parietal Bones
    A pair of bones forming the superior and lateral sides of the cranium.
  • Superior Temporal Line
    A curved ridge on the lateral surface of the parietal bone serving as an attachment for temporal fascia.
  • Occipital Bone
    The single bone forming the posterior wall and base of the cranium.
  • Foramen Magnum
    The large opening at the base of the occipital bone through which the spinal cord passes to the brainstem.
  • Occipital Condyles
    Paired oval projections on either side of the foramen magnum that articulate with the first cervical vertebra (Atlas).
  • Superior Nuchal Line
    A horizontal ridge extending laterally from the external occipital protuberance for neck and back muscle attachment.
  • External Occipital Protuberance
    A prominent midline projection on the outer posterior surface of the occipital bone.
  • Temporal Bones
    Paired bones forming the lower lateral walls and part of the skull base.
  • External Acoustic Meatus
    The canal in the temporal bone leading inward to the eardrum.
  • Mastoid Process
    A large, rounded bony projection on the temporal bone posterior to the external acoustic meatus.
  • Styloid Process
    A sharp, needle-like projection pointing downward from the inferior surface of the temporal bone.
  • Stylomastoid Foramen
    A tiny opening between the styloid and mastoid processes allowing passage of the facial nerve.
  • Mandibular Fossa
    An oval depression on the inferior surface of the zygomatic process of the temporal bone that articulates with the mandible.
  • Zygomatic Process (Temporal Bone)
    A long bar projecting anteriorly from the temporal bone to meet the zygomatic bone, forming part of the zygomatic arch.
  • Petrous Part (Temporal Bone)
    The wedge-shaped internal region of the temporal bone forming part of the cranial floor and housing internal ear structures.
  • Carotid Canal
    A passageway piercing the petrous part of the temporal bone transmitting the internal carotid artery.
  • Sphenoid Bone
    A complex, butterfly-shaped bone in the middle of the skull base that connects all cranial bones.
  • Sphenoidal Sinus
    An air-filled cavity located deep within the body of the sphenoid bone.
  • Greater Wings (Sphenoid Bone)
    Large lateral projections from the sphenoid body forming parts of the middle cranial fossa floor and lateral skull walls.