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The Skeleton - Anatomy & Physiology

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Terms in this set (20)

  • What is the axial skeleton and its main function?
    The axial skeleton is found along the vertical axis of the body and protects organs of the head, neck, and trunk.
  • Name the main components of the axial skeleton.
    The axial skeleton includes the skull, auditory ossicles, hyoid, vertebral column, and rib cage.
  • What are the two main parts of the skull?
    The skull consists of cranial bones that protect the brain and serve as muscle attachment sites, and facial bones.
  • What is the function of cranial bones?
    Cranial bones protect the brain, provide attachment sites for head and neck muscles, and are firmly united by fibrous sutures.
  • List the regions of the vertebral column.
    The vertebral column has five regions: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, and coccyx.
  • What bones make up the rib cage?
    The rib cage consists of the sternum and costals (ribs).
  • What is the appendicular skeleton?
    The appendicular skeleton includes the upper and lower limbs and the girdles that attach them, functioning as movement levers.
  • What bones form the pectoral girdle?
    The pectoral girdle is formed by the clavicle and scapula, providing attachment for upper extremity muscles.
  • Name the bones of the upper limb.
    The upper limb bones include the humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges.
  • What bones make up the pelvic girdle?
    The pelvic girdle consists of the sacrum and os coxae, providing attachment for lower extremity muscles and protecting lower organs.
  • List the bones of the lower limb.
    The lower limb includes the femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges.
  • Which bones are included in the tarsals of the foot?
    The tarsals include the calcaneous, talus, navicular, cuboid, and cuneiforms.
  • What is the function of the appendicular skeleton?
    The appendicular skeleton facilitates movement by serving as levers and provides attachment sites for muscles.
  • What is the role of the hyoid bone?
    The hyoid bone supports the tongue and is associated with swallowing and speech.
  • How are cranial bones connected?
    Cranial bones are firmly united by fibrous sutures.
  • What bones protect the brain?
    The cranial bones protect the brain.
  • Which bones protect the lower organs in the pelvic region?
    The pelvic girdle, especially the os coxae and sacrum, protect lower organs.
  • What bones form the wrist and hand?
    The wrist is formed by carpals, the hand by metacarpals, and the fingers by phalanges.
  • What bones form the ankle and foot?
    The ankle is formed by tarsals, the foot by metatarsals, and the toes by phalanges.
  • Which bone is known as the kneecap?
    The patella is the kneecap bone.