Q: Which equation correctly represents the net ATP yield from aerobic metabolism of one glucose molecule?

$$\text{Glucose} + 6\,O_2$ \rightarrow 6\,CO_2$ + 6\,H_2O + 34\,ATP$$

Question 1

Which of the following accurately describes the function of astrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

Astrocytes form the blood-brain barrier.

Question 2

During muscle contraction, which event occurs immediately after calcium ions are released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)?

Accepted Answer

Calcium binds to troponin.

Question 3

A patient is experiencing rapid, involuntary muscle contractions. Which muscle fiber type is most likely involved in generating high force, such as in the rectus femoris?

Accepted Answer

Bipennate

Question 4

Which of the following statements about membrane potential is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Repolarization is caused by potassium ions ($$K^+) $$leaving the cell.

Question 5

Which equation correctly represents the net ATP yield from aerobic metabolism of one glucose molecule?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Glucose} + 6\,O_2$ ightarrow 6\,CO_2$ + 6\,H_2O + 34\,ATP$$

Question 6

Which of the following is a function of microglia in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis of pathogens and debris

Question 7

A nerve impulse travels faster in myelinated axons due to which type of propagation?

Accepted Answer

Saltatory propagation

Question 8

Which of the following statements about muscle contraction is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

Sarcomeres shorten while filaments remain the same length.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of troponin in muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Troponin binds calcium ions ($$Ca^{2+}$$), causing tropomyosin to move.

Question 10

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the motor unit?

Accepted Answer

All muscle fibers in a motor unit contract together.

Question 11

A student is asked to identify the main function of dendrites in a neuron. Which answer is correct?

Accepted Answer

Dendrites receive incoming signals.

Question 12

Which of the following muscle fiber types is best suited for generating long movements with less force?

Accepted Answer

Parallel

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of smooth muscle?

Accepted Answer

Striated appearance

Question 14

Which of the following statements about ATP production is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

Creatine phosphate provides immediate energy for about 15 seconds.

Question 15

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the propagation of action potentials?

Accepted Answer

Saltatory propagation involves action potentials jumping between nodes of Ranvier.

Question 16

Which of the following is the correct sequence for muscle contraction steps?

Accepted Answer

ACh released → Depolarization → Signal down sarcolemma and T-tubules → Ca$$^{2+}$$ released → Ca binds troponin → Tropomyosin moves → Myosin binds actin → Power stroke → Sarcomere shortens

Question 17

Which of the following is TRUE about the location of aerobic metabolism in muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

Aerobic metabolism occurs in the mitochondria.

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of titin in muscle fibers?

Accepted Answer

Titin prevents overstretching of the sarcomere.

Question 19

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the role of Schwann cells?

Accepted Answer

Schwann cells produce myelin in the peripheral nervous system (PNS).

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the effect of recruitment in motor units?

Accepted Answer

Recruitment increases the force of muscle contraction.

A&P Exam 4 Study Guide: Nervous System, Muscle, and Energy (Ch. 10–12)

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