Question 1

Which of the following best explains the difference between an electrolyte and a nonelectrolyte?

Accepted Answer

Electrolytes dissociate into ions in water and conduct electricity, while nonelectrolytes do not dissociate and do not conduct electricity.

Question 2

A patient is admitted with severe dehydration. As a percentage of body weight, which group is most likely to have the highest total body water?

Accepted Answer

Infants

Question 3

A red blood cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will lose water and shrink.

Question 4

Which of the following statements about sodium ions is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Sodium ions are more concentrated in the cytosol than in the ECF.

Question 5

What is the main buffer system of the extracellular fluid (ECF)?

Accepted Answer

Carbonic acid–bicarbonate ion buffer system

Question 6

What happens to the pH of a solution when hydrogen ions are added?

Accepted Answer

The pH decreases.

Question 7

A woman loses 30 lb through diet and exercise. What will likely happen to her total body water?

Accepted Answer

It will decrease because adipose tissue contains less water than lean tissue.

Question 8

Which of the following is the biggest source of metabolic acids in the body?

Accepted Answer

Carbon dioxide

Question 9

A patient with diabetic ketoacidosis is likely to be:

Accepted Answer

Hyperventilating to decrease blood CO$$_2$$ and compensate for metabolic acidosis.

Question 10

Which of the following mechanisms is NOT used by the kidneys to regulate blood pH?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen ions are reabsorbed from the nephron loop.

Question 11

If you consume a large amount of salt without drinking water, what will happen to the osmotic pressure of your ECF and why could this lead to elevated blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Osmotic pressure increases due to higher sodium concentration, drawing water into the ECF and increasing blood volume and pressure.

Question 12

Which of the following statements about water loss is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Sensible water loss includes water lost in urine and feces.

Question 13

A solution contains 5% sodium chloride in water. Which of the following best describes its electrical conductivity?

Accepted Answer

It conducts electricity because sodium chloride dissociates into ions.

Question 14

Which hormone is the main regulator of fluid balance in the body?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 15

A 6-year-old girl presents with vomiting for 3 days and a low respiratory rate. What is the most likely acid-base disturbance and expected arterial blood gas finding?

Accepted Answer

Metabolic alkalosis with elevated pH and elevated bicarbonate

Question 16

Which of the following statements about acid-base compensation is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Respiratory compensation for metabolic acidosis consists of hyperventilation.

Question 17

What happens to the pH of a buffered solution when hydrogen ions are added, and why?

Accepted Answer

The pH decreases slightly because the buffer system absorbs most of the added hydrogen ions.

Question 18

Fill in the blanks: An increase in ventilation ________ the pH of the blood due to a/an ________ of carbon dioxide in the blood. A decrease in ventilation ________ the pH of the blood due to a/an ________ of carbon dioxide in the blood.

Accepted Answer

raises; decrease; lowers; increase

Question 19

Which of the following is TRUE regarding atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)?

Accepted Answer

ANP promotes sodium and water loss in the kidneys, decreasing blood volume.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the effect of body water content on the concentration of ions and solutes in the ECF?

Accepted Answer

Decreased body water increases the concentration of ions and solutes in the ECF.

A&P II Chapter 25 Study Guide – Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards