Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the lymphatic system?

Accepted Answer

Returning interstitial fluid to the bloodstream and providing immune defense

Question 2

Lymph is most similar in composition to which of the following fluids?

Accepted Answer

Blood plasma

Question 3

Which structural feature of lymphatic capillaries allows them to be more permeable than blood capillaries?

Accepted Answer

Overlapping endothelial cells that form one-way mini-valves

Question 4

A patient presents with swelling in the limbs due to impaired lymphatic drainage. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Lymphedema

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a function of the spleen?

Accepted Answer

Producing insulin

Question 6

Which cytokine is primarily responsible for stimulating the proliferation of T cells after antigen recognition?

Accepted Answer

IL-2

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the difference between innate and adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

Innate immunity provides immediate, nonspecific defense; adaptive immunity is slower and specific

Question 8

Which cell type is the first responder to a bacterial infection and is most abundant in the blood?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophils

Question 9

A patient with a ruptured spleen is at risk for which of the following complications?

Accepted Answer

Severe hemorrhage and increased susceptibility to infection

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of NK (natural killer) cells?

Accepted Answer

Directly killing virus-infected and cancerous cells by releasing perforins and granzymes

Question 11

Which antibody is most important in the secondary immune response?

Accepted Answer

IgG

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the Bohr effect?

Accepted Answer

Increased CO2 and decreased pH cause hemoglobin to release O2 more readily

Question 13

According to Boyle's Law, what happens to the pressure in the lungs when the volume increases during inspiration?

Accepted Answer

Pressure decreases

Question 14

Which equation represents the formation of bicarbonate from CO2 in red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{CO_2$ + H_2O \xrightarrow{carbonic\ anhydrase} H_2CO_3 \rightarrow H^+ + $$HCO_3$$^-}$$

Question 15

Which of the following is a consequence of a right shift in the hemoglobin dissociation curve?

Accepted Answer

Hemoglobin releases O2 more readily to tissues

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why surfactant is important in the lungs?

Accepted Answer

It decreases alveolar surface tension, allowing easier expansion during inspiration

Question 17

A patient with COPD is likely to have which of the following blood gas findings?

Accepted Answer

High CO2 and low O2 levels

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the effect of parasympathetic stimulation on bronchioles?

Accepted Answer

Bronchoconstriction

Question 19

Which law explains why the partial pressure of oxygen decreases at high altitude?

Accepted Answer

Dalton's Law

Question 20

Which of the following is the most important chemical stimulus for respiration under normal conditions?

Accepted Answer

High PCO2

A&P II Exam 2 Study Guide: Lymphatic, Immune, and Respiratory Systems

Study Guide - Practice Questions