Question 1

Which of the following best describes the sequence of events during the action potential in a neuron?

Accepted Answer

Depolarization, repolarization, hyperpolarization, resting potential

Question 2

A patient presents with loss of sensation in the lateral forearm and weakness in elbow flexion. Which plexus and nerve are most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Brachial plexus; musculocutaneous nerve

Question 3

Which brain region is primarily responsible for emotional processing and memory formation?

Accepted Answer

Limbic system

Question 4

During the crossed extensor reflex, what is the primary function of the contralateral limb?

Accepted Answer

It extends to support body weight while the ipsilateral limb withdraws.

Question 5

Which cranial nerve is responsible for transmitting visual information from the retina to the brain?

Accepted Answer

Optic nerve (CN II)

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the path of tears from production to drainage?

Accepted Answer

Lacrimal gland → lacrimal ducts → conjunctival sac → lacrimal canaliculi → lacrimal sac → nasolacrimal duct

Question 7

Which statement correctly compares rods and cones in the retina?

Accepted Answer

Rods are more sensitive to low light and are located mostly in the peripheral retina; cones are responsible for color vision and are concentrated in the fovea.

Question 8

Which equation best represents the relationship between frequency ($$f$$), wavelength ($$\lambda$$), and speed of sound ($$v) in $$the cochlea?

Accepted Answer

$$v = f 	imes \lambda$$

Question 9

A patient has difficulty maintaining balance when standing still, but can walk without issue. Which structure is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Macula of the saccule and utricle

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the effect of the sympathetic nervous system on pupil size?

Accepted Answer

It causes pupil dilation (mydriasis) to allow more light into the eye.

Question 11

Which of the following is the correct order for the path of light through the eye?

Accepted Answer

Cornea → aqueous humor → lens → vitreous humor → retina

Question 12

Which equation describes the relationship between accommodation power ($$P$$), focal length ($$f$$), and refractive index ($$n) of $$the eye lens?

Accepted Answer

$$P = \frac{1}{f}$$

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the mechanism of action for the 'umami' taste flavor?

Accepted Answer

Activation of glutamate receptors and second messenger pathways

Question 14

Which cranial nerves carry taste sensation from the tongue, and what regions do they innervate?

Accepted Answer

Facial (CN VII) - anterior 2/3; Glossopharyngeal (CN IX) - posterior 1/3; Vagus (CN X) - epiglottis and pharynx

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of the reticular activating system (RAS)?

Accepted Answer

Regulates alertness and wakefulness in the brain

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct comparison between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic system increases heart rate; parasympathetic system decreases heart rate.

Question 17

Which receptor type is primarily responsible for detecting changes in muscle length during a stretch reflex?

Accepted Answer

Proprioreceptors

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the path of olfactory information from the nasal cavity to the brain?

Accepted Answer

Olfactory bipolar cells → olfactory bulb → olfactory tract → insula

Question 19

Which structure in the inner ear is responsible for detecting rotational movements of the head?

Accepted Answer

Semicircular canals

Question 20

A patient is unable to hear high-frequency sounds. Which part of the cochlea is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

The base of the cochlea

A&PII Midterm Study Guide: Nervous System, Special Senses, and Related Topics

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards