Question 1

Which of the following best describes the flow of blood and bile within a classic hepatic lobule of the liver?

Accepted Answer

Blood flows toward the central vein, while bile flows away from the central vein.

Question 2

A patient has a blockage at the sphincter of Oddi. Which of the following consequences is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Bile and pancreatic juice cannot enter the duodenum, impairing fat and carbohydrate digestion.

Question 3

Which ligament divides the right and left lobes of the liver and is a remnant of the fetal umbilical vein?

Accepted Answer

Falciform ligament

Question 4

A patient with liver failure is found to have low levels of plasma proteins. Which function of the liver is most directly impaired?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of albumin and clotting factors

Question 5

Which of the following correctly traces the path of urine from the nephron to the external environment?

Accepted Answer

Bowman's capsule → PCT → Loop of Henle → DCT → Collecting duct → Minor calyx → Major calyx → Renal pelvis → Ureter → Bladder → Urethra

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why juxtamedullary nephrons are essential for concentrating urine?

Accepted Answer

They have long loops of Henle that extend deep into the medulla, creating a gradient for water reabsorption.

Question 7

A patient is unable to voluntarily control urination due to nerve damage. Which structure is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

External urethral sphincter

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the flow of bile from the liver to the duodenum?

Accepted Answer

Right/left hepatic ducts → common hepatic duct → common bile duct → hepatopancreatic ampulla → duodenum

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the exocrine and endocrine functions of the pancreas?

Accepted Answer

Exocrine: releases digestive enzymes and bicarbonate; Endocrine: releases insulin and glucagon

Question 10

A patient with a gallstone blocking the cystic duct would most likely experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Inability to store and concentrate bile in the gallbladder

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of the peritubular capillaries in the nephron?

Accepted Answer

They reabsorb useful substances from the filtrate back into the blood.

Question 12

Which of the following is a key difference between the male and female urethra?

Accepted Answer

The female urethra is shorter and only transports urine.

Question 13

During micturition, which of the following events is primarily controlled by the parasympathetic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Contraction of the detrusor muscle and relaxation of the internal urethral sphincter

Question 14

A patient with severe dehydration has highly concentrated urine. Which nephron structure is most responsible for this adaptation?

Accepted Answer

Loop of Henle (especially in juxtamedullary nephrons)

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of the renal corpuscle?

Accepted Answer

It filters blood to form the initial filtrate.

Question 16

A patient with a deficiency in vitamin B12 is found to have normal liver function. Which liver function is most relevant to this finding?

Accepted Answer

The liver stores vitamin B12 for later use.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why the renal medulla appears striated?

Accepted Answer

It is composed of parallel loops of Henle and collecting ducts.

Question 18

Which of the following is the correct order of blood flow through the kidney, starting from the renal artery?

Accepted Answer

Renal artery → segmental artery → interlobar artery → arcuate artery → cortical radiate artery → afferent arteriole → glomerulus → efferent arteriole → peritubular capillaries/vasa recta → veins → inferior vena cava

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of the gallbladder?

Accepted Answer

It stores and concentrates bile, releasing it into the duodenum when needed.

Question 20

A patient with a tumor compressing the renal hilum would most likely experience which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Impaired entry and exit of vessels and ureter, leading to reduced kidney function

Accessory Digestive Organs and the Urinary System: Structure and Function Unit 4 Week 13 LO's

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards