Question 1

Which of the following best describes the normal range of blood pH in a healthy adult?

Accepted Answer

$$7.35 - 7.45$$

Question 2

A patient presents with respiratory acidosis. Which of the following is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Question 3

Which chemical equation represents the formation of carbonic acid in the blood?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{CO_2$ + H_2O \rightarrow H_2CO_3}$$

Question 4

Which organ systems are primarily responsible for regulating blood pH?

Accepted Answer

Respiratory and renal systems

Question 5

According to Le Chatelier's principle, what happens to blood pH if ventilation increases?

Accepted Answer

Blood pH increases due to decreased $$\mathrm{CO_2$}$$

Question 6

Which of the following is a common cause of metabolic alkalosis?

Accepted Answer

Prolonged vomiting

Question 7

The bicarbonate buffer system helps maintain blood pH. Which equation best represents this system?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{H_2CO_3 \rightleftharpoons $$HCO_3$$^- + H^+}$$

Question 8

A patient with diabetic ketoacidosis is experiencing low blood pH. Which homeostatic response would you expect?

Accepted Answer

Increased respiratory rate to expel $$\mathrm{CO_2$}$$

Question 9

Which of the following best defines homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

The maintenance of a stable internal environment

Question 10

Which organ is primarily responsible for the absorption of nutrients in the digestive system?

Accepted Answer

Small intestine

Question 11

A patient is hyperventilating due to anxiety. What effect will this have on their blood pH?

Accepted Answer

It will increase, leading to alkalosis

Question 12

Which feedback loop is activated when blood pH drops below normal?

Accepted Answer

Increased ventilation and increased renal excretion of $$\mathrm{H^+}$$

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a main function of the stomach?

Accepted Answer

Absorption of most nutrients

Question 14

If the kidneys fail to excrete $$\mathrm{H^+}$$ ions efficiently, what condition is most likely to develop?

Accepted Answer

Metabolic acidosis

Question 15

Which of the following scenarios would most likely result in respiratory alkalosis?

Accepted Answer

A patient experiencing panic attack and rapid breathing

Question 16

Which organ produces bile, and what is its main function in digestion?

Accepted Answer

Liver; emulsifies fats

Question 17

Which of the following best explains how the bicarbonate buffer system resists changes in blood pH?

Accepted Answer

By shifting equilibrium between $$\mathrm{CO_2$}$$ and $$\mathrm{$$HCO_3$$^-}$$

Question 18

Which of the following is a direct result of decreased ventilation?

Accepted Answer

Increased $$\mathrm{CO_2$} in $$the blood

Question 19

Which digestive organ is primarily responsible for water absorption?

Accepted Answer

Large intestine

Acid-Base Balance, Homeostasis, and Digestive System: Study Guide

Study Guide - Practice Questions