Question 1

Which of the following best describes the process of dissociation when an acid dissolves in water?

Accepted Answer

A covalent bond between a hydrogen atom and another element is broken, releasing a proton ($$H^+) $$and a negative ion.

Question 2

Which equation correctly represents the dissociation of water?

Accepted Answer

$$H_2O \rightarrow H^+ + OH^-$$

Question 3

A solution has a pH of 4. What is the $$[H^+]$$ concentration compared to a solution with pH 7?

Accepted Answer

It is 1000 times higher.

Question 4

Which of the following statements about strong and weak acids is correct?

Accepted Answer

Strong acids completely dissociate in water, releasing more $$H^+$$ ions than weak acids.

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of a strong base and its dissociation in water?

Accepted Answer

$$NaOH \rightarrow Na^+ + OH^-$$

Question 6

A buffer system in the blood involves carbonic acid ($$H_2CO_3) $$and bicarbonate ($$HCO_3$$^-$$). What happens when blood pH rises above normal?

Accepted Answer

Carbonic acid dissociates to release $$H^+$$, lowering the pH.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes a salt in the context of acids and bases?

Accepted Answer

A compound formed by the reaction of a strong acid and a strong base, containing neither $$H^+$$ nor $$OH^- as $$its cation or anion.

Question 8

If the $$[H^+] in a $$solution is $$1 	imes 10$$^{-5}$$ M, what is the pH of the solution?

Accepted Answer

$$pH = 5$$

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why buffers are important in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

They minimize changes in pH, allowing enzymes and cellular processes to function properly.

Question 10

A patient’s blood pH drops below the normal range. Which buffer reaction will help restore normal pH?

Accepted Answer

$$HCO_3^- + H$$^+ \rightarrow H_2CO_3$$

Question 11

Which of the following statements about the pH scale is correct?

Accepted Answer

A solution with pH 2 has 100 times more $$H^+$$ than a solution with pH 4.

Question 12

Which of the following is a property of a weak base?

Accepted Answer

It only partially binds free $$H^+$$ ions in solution.

Question 13

What is the result of mixing a strong acid with a strong base in aqueous solution?

Accepted Answer

A salt and water are formed, and the solution becomes neutral.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes an electrolyte?

Accepted Answer

A compound that dissociates in water to produce ions that can conduct electricity.

Question 15

If a solution’s pH changes from 6 to 8, how does the $$[H^+]$$ change?

Accepted Answer

It decreases by 100 times.

Question 16

Which of the following reactions represents the neutralization of hydrochloric acid with sodium hydroxide?

Accepted Answer

$$HCl + NaOH \rightarrow NaCl + H_2O$$

Question 17

A solution with a high concentration of $$OH^-$$ ions and a low concentration of $$H^+$$ ions is best described as:

Accepted Answer

Basic

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why changes in pH can be dangerous for living cells?

Accepted Answer

Changes in pH can denature proteins and disrupt cellular activities.

Question 19

Which of the following is true about the relationship between pH and $$[H^+]$$?

Accepted Answer

As pH decreases, $$[H^+]$$ increases.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the action of a buffer when acid is added to a solution?

Accepted Answer

The buffer’s base component binds excess $$H^+$$, minimizing the pH change.

Acids, Bases, Salts, pH, and Buffers: Chemistry Foundations for Anatomy & Physiology

Study Guide - Practice Questions