Question 1

Which of the following best describes the dissociation of water molecules?

Accepted Answer

Water molecules dissociate to produce equal amounts of H+ and OH- ions.

Question 2

A solution has a pH of 3. Compared to a solution with pH 6, how many times greater is the concentration of hydrogen ions in the pH 3 solution?

Accepted Answer

$10^3 = 1000$ times greater

Question 3

Which of the following is a characteristic of a strong acid?

Accepted Answer

It completely dissociates in solution, releasing all its H+ ions.

Question 4

What is the role of a buffer in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

To resist changes in pH when acids or bases are added.

Question 5

Which equation correctly represents the relationship between pH and hydrogen ion concentration?

Accepted Answer

$pH = -\log_{10}[H^+]$

Question 6

If a solution has a pH of 7, which statement is true?

Accepted Answer

The concentration of H+ ions equals the concentration of OH- ions.

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of a salt formed from the reaction of an acid and a base?

Accepted Answer

NaCl

Question 8

A buffer system in the body consists of which pair?

Accepted Answer

Carbonic acid ($H_2CO_3$) and bicarbonate ($HCO_3^-$)

Question 9

Which of the following statements about bases is correct?

Accepted Answer

Bases are proton (H+) acceptors and have low H+ concentrations.

Question 10

What happens to the pH of a solution if the concentration of H+ ions increases?

Accepted Answer

The pH decreases, making the solution more acidic.

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why weak acids have a smaller effect on pH than strong acids?

Accepted Answer

Weak acids only partially dissociate, releasing fewer H+ ions.

Question 12

A patient’s blood pH drops from 7.4 to 7.1. By what factor has the hydrogen ion concentration increased?

Accepted Answer

$10^{(7.4-7.1)} = 10^{0.3} \approx 2$ times

Question 13

Which of the following is true regarding electrolytes in the body?

Accepted Answer

Electrolytes are inorganic compounds that dissociate into ions in solution.

Question 14

Which of the following reactions represents the formation of a salt and water from an acid and a base?

Accepted Answer

$HCl + NaOH \rightarrow NaCl + H_2O$

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the action of a buffer when the pH of a solution decreases?

Accepted Answer

The base component of the buffer absorbs H+ ions, helping to increase the pH.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct statement about the pH scale?

Accepted Answer

Each unit change in pH represents a tenfold change in H+ concentration.

Question 17

Which of the following is a property of a weak base?

Accepted Answer

It partially dissociates in solution and only partially accepts H+ ions.

Question 18

A solution with a pH of 9 is considered:

Accepted Answer

Basic, with a lower concentration of H+ ions than a neutral solution.

Question 19

Which of the following ions is NOT considered a major electrolyte in body fluids?

Accepted Answer

Glucose ($C_6H_{12}O_6$)

Acids, Bases, Salts, pH, and Buffers: Foundations for Anatomy & Physiology

Study Guide - Practice Questions