Q: Which equation best represents the rate of antibody production by plasma cells?

$R = 2000 \text{ molecules/sec}$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between innate and adaptive immune defenses?

Accepted Answer

Innate defenses provide immediate, nonspecific protection, while adaptive defenses target specific antigens and develop immunological memory.

Question 2

A patient receives a blood transfusion and develops a severe reaction due to mismatched blood antigens. Which type of hypersensitivity is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Type II (cytotoxic) hypersensitivity

Question 3

Which of the following is a function of MHC class I proteins?

Accepted Answer

Present endogenous antigens to cytotoxic T cells

Question 4

During clonal selection, which event occurs after a B cell binds to its specific antigen?

Accepted Answer

The B cell proliferates and differentiates into plasma cells and memory cells.

Question 5

Which antibody class is most abundant in plasma and provides long-term protection after the primary immune response?

Accepted Answer

IgG

Question 6

A child is exposed to measles and develops immunity after recovering. What type of immunity is this?

Accepted Answer

Naturally acquired active immunity

Question 7

Which process ensures that T cells do NOT react against self-antigens during their development in the thymus?

Accepted Answer

Negative selection

Question 8

A patient with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is unable to mount an effective immune response. Which cells are deficient in this condition?

Accepted Answer

Both B and T cells

Question 9

Which of the following mechanisms is used by cytotoxic T cells to kill infected target cells?

Accepted Answer

Secretion of perforins and granzymes to induce apoptosis

Question 10

Which equation best represents the rate of antibody production by plasma cells?

Accepted Answer

$R = 2000 	ext{ molecules/sec}$

Question 11

A newborn receives antibodies from its mother via the placenta. What type of immunity does this represent?

Accepted Answer

Naturally acquired passive immunity

Question 12

Which of the following is a characteristic of a complete antigen?

Accepted Answer

It can stimulate proliferation of specific lymphocytes and react with their receptors.

Question 13

Which cell type is most important for linking humoral and cellular immunity?

Accepted Answer

Helper T cell

Question 14

A patient develops hives and difficulty breathing after eating peanuts. Which immunoglobulin is primarily responsible for this reaction?

Accepted Answer

IgE

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why the secondary immune response is faster and stronger than the primary response?

Accepted Answer

Memory cells generated during the primary response rapidly recognize and respond to the antigen.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a method by which antibodies inactivate antigens?

Accepted Answer

Direct cell lysis

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-world example of artificially acquired passive immunity?

Accepted Answer

Receiving a gamma globulin injection after exposure to hepatitis

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

APCs present processed antigens to T cells, initiating the adaptive immune response.

Question 19

Which of the following equations represents the relationship between antigen concentration ($[Ag]$) and antibody binding ($B$) in a direct ELISA assay?

Accepted Answer

$B \propto [Ag]$

Adaptive Immune System: Body Defenses (Chapter 21) – Study Notes

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