Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between active and passive humoral immunity?

Accepted Answer

Active immunity results from the body's own immune response to an antigen, while passive immunity results from the transfer of antibodies from another individual.

Question 2

A newborn receives antibodies from its mother through breast milk. This is an example of which type of immunity?

Accepted Answer

Naturally acquired passive immunity

Question 3

Which antibody class is most abundant in plasma and is responsible for the secondary immune response?

Accepted Answer

IgG

Question 4

What is the function of the variable (V) region of an antibody molecule?

Accepted Answer

It binds specifically to the antigen's epitope.

Question 5

A patient receives an injection of gamma globulin after exposure to hepatitis A. What type of immunity is this?

Accepted Answer

Artificially acquired passive immunity

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why proteins are more antigenic than lipids?

Accepted Answer

Proteins have more complex structures, providing more epitopes for immune recognition.

Question 7

What is the primary role of cytotoxic T (Tc) cells in cellular immunity?

Accepted Answer

To directly attack and destroy infected or abnormal cells

Question 8

Which process ensures that B cells and T cells do not react to self-antigens during their development?

Accepted Answer

Negative selection

Question 9

A person is exposed to a pathogen for the first time. Which antibody is produced first in the primary immune response?

Accepted Answer

IgM

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of helper T (Th) cells in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

They secrete interleukins that stimulate other immune cells.

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct statement about the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)?

Accepted Answer

MHC proteins present antigen fragments to T cells for immune recognition.

Question 12

A patient develops an autoimmune disease. Which of the following best explains the underlying mechanism?

Accepted Answer

The immune system attacks self-antigens, perceiving them as foreign.

Question 13

Which of the following is a possible consequence of anaphylactic shock?

Accepted Answer

Bronchiole constriction, vasodilation, and potentially death

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the process of antigen presentation?

Accepted Answer

Antigen is degraded by an APC and fragments are displayed on the cell surface with MHC proteins.

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of antibodies in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

Neutralizing toxins and viruses by binding to them

Question 16

A patient with AIDS is highly susceptible to infections because HIV primarily targets which type of cell?

Accepted Answer

Helper T cells (CD4)

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why memory cells are important in adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

They allow for a faster and stronger response upon re-exposure to the same antigen.

Question 18

Which antibody class is most effective at agglutinating pathogens due to its pentameric structure?

Accepted Answer

IgM

Question 19

A vaccine containing dead or attenuated pathogens provides which type of immunity?

Accepted Answer

Artificially acquired active immunity

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of interleukins secreted by helper T cells?

Accepted Answer

They stimulate the proliferation and activity of other immune cells.

Adaptive Immunity and Immune System Disorders: ANP Study Guide

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