Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the human skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

To provide structural support, protect internal organs, and facilitate movement

Question 2

A patient suffers a fracture in the femur. Which classification best describes the femur bone?

Accepted Answer

Long bone

Question 3

During vigorous exercise, the body increases its respiratory rate. Which physiological process explains this response?

Accepted Answer

Increased oxygen demand by muscles leads to increased carbon dioxide production, stimulating the medulla oblongata to increase breathing rate.

Question 4

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between cardiac output, heart rate, and stroke volume?

Accepted Answer

$$CO = HR 	imes SV$$

Question 5

A person with kidney failure is unable to efficiently remove urea from the blood. Which organ is primarily responsible for this function under normal conditions?

Accepted Answer

Kidney

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the role of the sarcomere in muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

It is the functional unit of muscle contraction, where actin and myosin filaments slide past each other.

Question 7

A patient presents with symptoms of hypothyroidism, such as fatigue and weight gain. Which endocrine gland is most likely underactive?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid gland

Question 8

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the concept of homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

The body increases insulin secretion after a meal to lower blood glucose levels.

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct sequence of structures through which air passes during inhalation?

Accepted Answer

Nasal cavity → Pharynx → Larynx → Trachea → Bronchi → Alveoli

Question 10

A person eats a meal rich in carbohydrates. Which hormone is primarily responsible for lowering blood glucose levels after this meal?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why red blood cells are biconcave in shape?

Accepted Answer

To increase surface area for gas exchange and flexibility to pass through capillaries

Question 12

A patient is unable to voluntarily move their right arm after a stroke. Which part of the nervous system is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Somatic nervous system

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of the integumentary system?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of body temperature through sweat production

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the process of filtration in the nephron?

Accepted Answer

Movement of water and solutes from the blood into the Bowman's capsule

Question 15

A person is exposed to a cold environment. Which physiological response helps maintain core body temperature?

Accepted Answer

Vasoconstriction of peripheral blood vessels

Question 16

Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation of mean arterial pressure (MAP)?

Accepted Answer

$$MAP = \frac{1}{3} (SBP - DBP) + DBP$$

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of the pancreas in digestion?

Accepted Answer

It secretes digestive enzymes into the small intestine to aid in the breakdown of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.

Question 18

A person with damage to the occipital lobe of the brain would most likely experience problems with which sense?

Accepted Answer

Vision

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct description of the sliding filament theory of muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Myosin heads bind to actin, pulling the thin filaments toward the center of the sarcomere, resulting in muscle shortening.

Question 20

A patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus is unable to produce which hormone, leading to high blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Anatomia e Fisiologia Humana: Plano de Disciplina e Conteúdo Programático

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