Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

It provides a site for protein production due to the presence of ribosomes on its surface.

Question 2

A patient suffers a spinal cord injury that disrupts the dorsal body cavity. Which organs or structures are most likely to be affected?

Accepted Answer

Brain and spinal cord

Question 3

Which of the following best explains why stratified squamous epithelium is found in the epidermis of the skin?

Accepted Answer

It provides protection against abrasion and dehydration.

Question 4

A mutation causes a cell to lack tight junctions. Which of the following is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Molecules and water may pass freely between cells, compromising tissue integrity.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the function of mitochondria in human cells?

Accepted Answer

They convert food molecules into ATP through cellular respiration.

Question 6

A biopsy reveals a tissue sample with cells that are flat, scale-like, and arranged in multiple layers. Which tissue type is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Stratified squamous epithelium

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the role of gap junctions in cardiac muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

They allow rapid communication and passage of ions between adjacent cells.

Question 8

A gland releases its secretions directly into the bloodstream. According to the study materials, what type of gland is this and what is an example of its secretion?

Accepted Answer

Endocrine gland; insulin

Question 9

Which of the following best explains the function of microvilli in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

They increase the surface area for absorption of nutrients.

Question 10

A patient is diagnosed with osteosarcoma. Based on the study materials, which tissue type is primarily affected?

Accepted Answer

Connective tissue

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

Information flows from DNA to RNA to protein.

Question 12

A tissue sample is found to have a single layer of tall, rectangular cells with nuclei aligned near the base. Which type of epithelial tissue is this?

Accepted Answer

Simple columnar epithelium

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of the plasma membrane's phospholipid bilayer?

Accepted Answer

It acts as a selectively permeable barrier, controlling entry and exit of substances.

Question 14

A patient has a genetic defect that prevents the formation of desmosomes. Which of the following symptoms is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Loss of mechanical strength in tissues subject to stress, such as skin and heart

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of cilia in the respiratory tract?

Accepted Answer

They move mucus and trapped particles out of the airways.

Question 16

A tissue sample contains cells embedded in a matrix of collagen fibers and ground substance. Which tissue type is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Connective tissue

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why epithelial tissue has a high regenerative capacity?

Accepted Answer

Epithelial cells are exposed to frequent damage and have a high mitotic rate.

Question 18

A patient presents with chronic inflammation of the colon. What is the medical term for this condition?

Accepted Answer

Colitis

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of the basal lamina in epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

It separates the epithelium from underlying connective tissue and provides support.

Question 20

A researcher observes a tissue with cells that are cube-shaped and arranged in a single layer. Which function is most likely associated with this tissue?

Accepted Answer

Absorption and secretion

Anatomy & Physiology: Body Cavities, Planes, Cells, and Tissues

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