Q: Which equation describes the rate of diffusion ($J$) across a membrane, given the concentration gradient ($\Delta C$), membrane area ($A$), and permeability coefficient ($P$)?

$J = P \times A \times \Delta C$

Question 1

Which principle explains why the structure of a body part is directly related to its function in human anatomy?

Accepted Answer

Principle of complementarity

Question 2

A patient is experiencing dehydration. Which organ system is primarily responsible for regulating water balance in the body?

Accepted Answer

Urinary system

Question 3

Which of the following best describes a homeostatic feedback loop that increases the original stimulus?

Accepted Answer

Positive feedback

Question 4

Which equation correctly represents osmotic pressure ($\Pi$) in terms of solute concentration ($C$), gas constant ($R$), and temperature ($T$)?

Accepted Answer

$\Pi = CRT$

Question 5

A cell is placed in a solution and swells until it bursts. What type of solution is this?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skin?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of blood glucose

Question 7

Which cell junction type allows ions and small molecules to pass directly between adjacent cells?

Accepted Answer

Gap junctions

Question 8

Which layer of the skin contains the sweat glands and hair follicles?

Accepted Answer

Dermis

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the process of keratinization in the epidermis?

Accepted Answer

Cells fill with keratin, die, and form a protective layer

Question 10

A patient has a mutation affecting the phospholipid bilayer of their cell membranes. Which property would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Selective permeability

Question 11

Which equation describes the rate of diffusion ($J$) across a membrane, given the concentration gradient ($\Delta C$), membrane area ($A$), and permeability coefficient ($P$)?

Accepted Answer

$J = P 	imes A 	imes \Delta C$

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of sudoriferous (sweat) glands?

Accepted Answer

Production of sweat for thermoregulation

Question 13

A person with a deficiency in melanin production is most likely to have which condition?

Accepted Answer

Albinism

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between endocytosis and exocytosis?

Accepted Answer

Endocytosis moves substances into the cell; exocytosis moves substances out of the cell

Question 15

Which of the following is a real-life example of positive feedback in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Blood clotting after injury

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a component of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Question 17

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will shrink

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of transport proteins in the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

They facilitate the movement of specific molecules across the membrane

Question 19

Which skin cancer type is most likely to metastasize rapidly and be life-threatening?

Accepted Answer

Melanoma

Question 20

Which equation best represents the energy required ($E$) to move an ion across a membrane given the charge ($z$), Faraday's constant ($F$), membrane potential ($V$), and concentration ratio ($\frac{[C]_2}{[C]_1}$)?

Accepted Answer

$E = zFV + RT \ln \left( \frac{[C]_2}{[C]_1} \right)$

Anatomy & Physiology: Cell Membrane Transport and Integumentary System Study Notes

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