Question 1

Which organelle is primarily responsible for producing ATP through cellular respiration in human cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 2

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will most likely happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

The cell will shrink as water leaves.

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles

Question 4

During facilitated diffusion, molecules move across the plasma membrane:

Accepted Answer

Down their concentration gradient via a channel or carrier protein

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a function of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing proteins

Question 6

A patient is given an intravenous solution that is hypotonic relative to their blood cells. What is the expected outcome?

Accepted Answer

Cells will burst as water enters.

Question 7

Which organelle is involved in the breakdown of old cellular components and foreign substances?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 8

The Na+/K+ exchange pump moves sodium and potassium ions:

Accepted Answer

Against their concentration gradients using ATP

Question 9

Which of the following best describes receptor-mediated endocytosis?

Accepted Answer

The cell takes in specific molecules after they bind to receptors on the membrane

Question 10

Which structure increases the surface area of a cell for absorption?

Accepted Answer

Microvilli

Question 11

A cell is actively transporting glucose against its concentration gradient. Which equation best represents the energy requirement for this process?

Accepted Answer

$$ \Delta G = \Delta G^0$ + RT \ln \frac{[glucose]_{inside}}{[glucose]_{outside}} $$

Question 12

Which of the following is TRUE about osmosis?

Accepted Answer

Water moves from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration

Question 13

Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 14

Which of the following is a characteristic of the phospholipid bilayer in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Hydrophobic tails face inward, away from water

Question 15

Which process involves the cell releasing substances into the extracellular space by fusion of vesicles with the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Exocytosis

Question 16

A cell exposed to a solution with higher osmotic pressure than its cytoplasm will:

Accepted Answer

Lose water and shrink

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Provides structural support and enables cell movement

Question 18

Which organelle is involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification?

Accepted Answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 19

Which of the following best describes pinocytosis?

Accepted Answer

The cell absorbs fluid and dissolved substances non-specifically

Question 20

A cell is placed in an isotonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

The cell will remain unchanged.

Anatomy & Physiology: Cell Structure and Membrane Transport Study Guide

Study Guide - Practice Questions