Q: Which of the following equations best represents the movement of water during osmosis across a semipermeable membrane?

$$ \text{Water moves from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration} $$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the plasma membrane in a generalized cell?

Accepted Answer

It is a flexible, transparent barrier that separates the cell contents from the surrounding environment and regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell.

Question 2

A scientist observes a cell with a prominent nucleolus, chromatin, and a nuclear envelope. Which function is most directly associated with this region of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Control of gene expression and storage of genetic material

Question 3

Which of the following processes requires energy input in the form of ATP to move substances across the plasma membrane against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 4

A patient is given an intravenous solution that is hypotonic relative to their red blood cells. What will most likely happen to the cells, and which membrane transport process is responsible?

Accepted Answer

Cells will swell and possibly burst due to osmosis.

Question 5

Which organelle is responsible for packaging and modifying proteins for secretion from the cell?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 6

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

Interphase

Question 7

A cell is observed to be actively engulfing bacteria from its environment. Which process is being used, and what is the energy requirement?

Accepted Answer

Endocytosis; requires ATP

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the difference between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Simple diffusion involves movement of small, nonpolar molecules directly through the lipid bilayer, while facilitated diffusion requires transport proteins for larger or polar molecules.

Question 9

Which tissue type is primarily responsible for covering body surfaces and lining internal organs?

Accepted Answer

Epithelial tissue

Question 10

A muscle cell is observed to have abundant mitochondria. What is the most likely reason for this observation?

Accepted Answer

The cell requires large amounts of ATP for contraction.

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why tendons and ligaments heal more slowly than bone?

Accepted Answer

They have a poor blood supply compared to bone.

Question 12

A patient suffers a deep cut that damages both the epidermis and underlying connective tissue. Which healing process is most likely to occur, and what is the expected outcome?

Accepted Answer

Both regeneration and fibrosis; some original tissue is restored, but a scar may form

Question 13

Which of the following equations best represents the movement of water during osmosis across a semipermeable membrane?

Accepted Answer

$$ 	ext{Water moves from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration} $$

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of adipose tissue?

Accepted Answer

Storing energy in the form of fat

Question 15

A cell is placed in a solution and begins to swell. Which of the following best describes the tonicity of the solution and the direction of water movement?

Accepted Answer

The solution is hypotonic; water moves into the cell.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of ribosomes in the cell?

Accepted Answer

They are involved in the synthesis of proteins.

Question 17

Which of the following is true regarding the structure of epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

It consists of closely packed cells with little extracellular material and rests on a basement membrane.

Question 18

A cell is observed to secrete large amounts of hormones by fusing vesicles with the plasma membrane. Which process is being used?

Accepted Answer

Exocytosis

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why facilitated diffusion is necessary for glucose transport across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Glucose is a large, polar molecule that requires a carrier protein to cross the membrane.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of nervous tissue?

Accepted Answer

It conducts electrical impulses to coordinate body activities.

Anatomy & Physiology: Cell Structure and Membrane Transport Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards