Question 1

Which type of energy is stored in chemical bonds or in concentration gradients within the body?

Accepted Answer

Potential (Free)

Question 2

Our bodies exchange materials and energy with the environment. This means our bodies are considered what type of system?

Accepted Answer

Open system

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the energy changes in a reaction that forms bonds versus one that breaks bonds?

Accepted Answer

Bond formation releases energy; bond breaking requires energy

Question 4

What type of energy is required to initiate a chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

Activation energy

Question 5

Which of the following statements about enzymes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes position reactants near each other and lower activation energy

Question 6

In an oxidation-reduction reaction, the molecule that loses an electron is said to be ________, while the molecule that gains an electron is said to be ________.

Accepted Answer

oxidized; reduced

Question 7

During dehydration synthesis, which of the following occurs?

Accepted Answer

Water is removed and bonds are formed

Question 8

Which type of reaction is responsible for forming peptide bonds between amino acids during protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis

Question 9

A cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will swell as water enters the cell

Question 10

Which of the following membrane proteins allows for the free flow of water through the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Aquaporins

Question 11

If the inside of an ion channel is lined with negatively charged amino acids, which type of molecule is most likely to pass through?

Accepted Answer

Positive ions

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the difference between primary and secondary active transport?

Accepted Answer

Primary active transport uses ATP directly, while secondary active transport uses the energy stored in an ion gradient

Question 13

Which two proteins are involved in exocytosis?

Accepted Answer

Clathrin and SNAREs

Question 14

What is the typical resting membrane potential of a neuron?

Accepted Answer

$-70\ \mathrm{mV}$

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of a uniport carrier protein?

Accepted Answer

Transports a single type of molecule in one direction

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of a G-protein coupled receptor second messenger pathway?

Accepted Answer

cAMP pathway

Question 17

Which type of membrane receptor produces the simplest and fastest response?

Accepted Answer

Receptor-channels

Question 18

Which of the following ions is most directly involved in triggering exocytosis of neurotransmitters at the synaptic terminal?

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{Ca^{2+}}$

Question 19

Which of the following best describes 'down-regulation' in terms of ligand binding?

Accepted Answer

A decrease in the number of receptors on the cell surface

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct match for the function of an integrating center in a feedback loop?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizes information coming in from many sensory pathways and sends out the proper response

Anatomy & Physiology: Cellular Processes, Membrane Transport, and Signal Transduction Study Guide

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