Question 1

During a stressful event, a student's blood pressure rises to $130/90$ mmHg. Which of the following physiological responses is most likely to occur as a result of baroreceptor activation?

Accepted Answer

Decreased heart rate and increased urine production

Question 2

Which of the following best describes the function of calcium ions ($Ca^{2+}$) in the blood clotting cascade?

Accepted Answer

They act as a cofactor, enabling activation of clotting enzymes

Question 3

A positively charged ion is called a(n) _____.

Accepted Answer

cation

Question 4

Which statement about carbohydrates is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Disaccharides are stored in the liver and muscles

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT synthesized in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)?

Accepted Answer

Proteins

Question 6

Which organelle is considered the powerhouse of the cell because it produces most of the ATP?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 7

A solution with a higher concentration of solute compared to another solution is called:

Accepted Answer

Hypertonic

Question 8

Which of the following statements about the Na$^+$/K$^+$ pump is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

It is a type of passive transport

Question 9

Which process moves molecules through the phospholipid bilayer by simple diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Gases, steroid molecules, and substances dissolved in fats

Question 10

A patient is severely dehydrated after two days in the desert. Which of the following best explains what happens to his intracellular fluid?

Accepted Answer

Water moves out of the cell due to osmosis and his intracellular fluid is hypertonic compared to his extracellular fluid

Question 11

Which of the following is the correct order of subclassification of carbohydrates from smallest to largest?

Accepted Answer

Monosaccharide, Disaccharide, Oligosaccharide, Polysaccharide

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic material

Question 13

Which of the following statements about enzymes is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

They lower the activation energy of a reaction

Question 14

Which of the following is the correct formula for the dissociation of carbonic acid in the blood?

Accepted Answer

$$ \mathrm{H_2CO_3 \rightarrow HCO_3^- + H^+} $$

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the process of transcription?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of mRNA from a DNA template

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Packaging and modifying proteins for secretion

Question 17

Which of the following statements about osmosis is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

It is the movement of water from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration

Question 18

Which of the following is the correct equation for aerobic metabolism of glucose?

Accepted Answer

$$ \mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + ATP} $$

Question 19

Which of the following is the primary function of centrioles in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Movement of chromosomes during cell division

Question 20

Which of the following statements about facilitated diffusion is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

It uses carrier proteins to move molecules down their concentration gradient

Anatomy & Physiology: Core Concepts and Exam Review

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