Question 1

Which of the following best describes the concept of homeostasis in human physiology?

Accepted Answer

The process by which the body maintains a stable internal environment despite changes in external conditions.

Question 2

A patient presents with a blood pH of 7.1. Which term best describes this condition, and what is the physiological consequence?

Accepted Answer

Acidemia; decreased enzyme activity and potential for central nervous system depression.

Question 3

Which of the following is a correct statement about the difference between a covalent bond and an ionic bond?

Accepted Answer

A covalent bond involves the sharing of electrons between atoms, while an ionic bond involves the transfer of electrons from one atom to another.

Question 4

Given the following scenario: A red blood cell is placed in a solution with a higher solute concentration than its cytoplasm. What will happen to the cell, and what is the term for this type of solution?

Accepted Answer

The cell will shrink; the solution is hypertonic.

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why water is considered a polar molecule?

Accepted Answer

Because the oxygen atom has a higher electronegativity than hydrogen, resulting in an uneven distribution of electron density.

Question 6

A solution has a pH of 4. What is the concentration of hydrogen ions $[H^+]$ in this solution?

Accepted Answer

$[H^+] = 1 	imes 10^{-4}$ M

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information.

Question 8

Which organelle is primarily responsible for ATP production in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 9

Which of the following statements about facilitated diffusion is correct?

Accepted Answer

It requires a carrier protein and moves substances down their concentration gradient without using ATP.

Question 10

A triglyceride molecule is composed of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

One glycerol molecule and three fatty acids

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of enzymes in chemical reactions?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy required for a reaction to occur.

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct statement about isotopes?

Accepted Answer

Isotopes of an element have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Question 13

Which of the following best explains the Law of Mass Action in reversible chemical reactions?

Accepted Answer

The rate of a reversible reaction is proportional to the concentrations of the reactants and products.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds between carbon atoms, while unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct statement about the structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA is composed of two antiparallel strands held together by hydrogen bonds between complementary bases.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

It regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell.

Question 17

Which of the following is true regarding active transport across a cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Active transport moves substances against their concentration gradient and requires energy in the form of ATP.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about the difference between anabolic and catabolic reactions?

Accepted Answer

Anabolic reactions build complex molecules from simpler ones and require energy, while catabolic reactions break down complex molecules and release energy.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of ribosomes in a cell?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis.

Anatomy & Physiology: Core Concepts and Study Guide

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