Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between anatomy and physiology?

Accepted Answer

Anatomy studies the structure of body parts, while physiology studies the function of those parts.

Question 2

A patient is given intravenous fluids that are hypotonic compared to their blood plasma. What is the most likely effect on their red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Water will enter the cells, causing them to swell and possibly burst.

Question 3

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are considered catalysts?

Accepted Answer

They lower the activation energy required for a reaction without being consumed in the process.

Question 4

Which of the following is a correct structural difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains deoxyribose sugar, while RNA contains ribose sugar.

Question 5

A solution has a pH of 5. How does its hydrogen ion concentration compare to a solution with a pH of 7?

Accepted Answer

It is 100 times greater.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the function of the sodium-potassium pump in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It actively transports 3 Na$^+$ ions out of the cell and 2 K$^+$ ions into the cell, using ATP.

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of negative feedback in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Shivering to increase body temperature when you are cold.

Question 8

A patient with a genetic disorder cannot produce enough collagen. Which tissue type is most likely to be affected?

Accepted Answer

Connective tissue

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the process of transcription?

Accepted Answer

The synthesis of mRNA from a DNA template.

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why phospholipids are well-suited to form the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

They have hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails, allowing them to form a bilayer in water.

Question 11

A person is unable to digest lactose due to a deficiency in the enzyme lactase. Which property of enzymes does this illustrate?

Accepted Answer

Enzyme specificity

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of mitochondria in a cell?

Accepted Answer

They produce ATP through aerobic respiration.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in the cell cycle for mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Prophase → Metaphase → Anaphase → Telophase

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why water is considered a good solvent for biological molecules?

Accepted Answer

Water is a polar molecule, allowing it to dissolve many ionic and polar substances.

Question 15

A person is exposed to UV radiation, which increases melanin production in their skin. What is the primary function of this response?

Accepted Answer

To protect keratinocytes from DNA damage by UV radiation.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of buffers in the human body?

Accepted Answer

They help maintain a stable pH by neutralizing excess acids or bases.

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Modifying, packaging, and sorting proteins for secretion.

Question 18

A person with a genetic mutation has a defective basement membrane in their epithelial tissue. Which of the following is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Epithelial cells may not properly attach to underlying connective tissue.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the difference between exocrine and endocrine glands?

Accepted Answer

Exocrine glands secrete their products into ducts; endocrine glands release their products into the bloodstream.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why saturated fatty acids are solid at room temperature while unsaturated fatty acids are liquid?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds, allowing them to pack closely together.

Anatomy & Physiology: Core Concepts and Systems Study Guide

Study Guide - Practice Questions