Q: Which equation correctly represents the process of osmosis?

$ \\text{Osmosis:} \\quad \\text{Water moves from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration across a semipermeable membrane} $

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the principle of homeostasis in the human body?

Accepted Answer

The body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes.

Question 2

Which of the following statements correctly distinguishes between saturated and unsaturated fats?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fats have no double bonds between carbon atoms, while unsaturated fats have one or more double bonds.

Question 3

A patient is given an intravenous solution that is hypertonic relative to their blood plasma. What is the most likely effect on their red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Water will leave the cells, causing them to shrink (crenate).

Question 4

Which organelle is primarily responsible for the synthesis of proteins in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 5

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase of interphase

Question 6

Which of the following best describes facilitated diffusion across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules down their concentration gradient with the help of a membrane protein, without energy input.

Question 7

A cell is placed in an isotonic solution. What will happen to the cell's volume?

Accepted Answer

It will remain the same because there is no net movement of water.

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

DNA is transcribed to mRNA, mRNA is translated by ribosomes, and a polypeptide is formed.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.

Question 10

Which equation correctly represents the process of osmosis?

Accepted Answer

$ \text{Osmosis:} \quad \text{Water moves from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration across a semipermeable membrane} $

Question 11

A cell is actively transporting sodium ions ($Na^+$) out of the cell against their concentration gradient. Which process is being used?

Accepted Answer

Active transport using ATP

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of cell cycle checkpoints?

Accepted Answer

They ensure that each phase of the cell cycle is completed accurately before the next phase begins.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct description of the structure of DNA in the nucleus?

Accepted Answer

DNA is organized into chromosomes, which are composed of double-stranded helices.

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of passive transport?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen diffusing from the alveoli into the blood.

Question 15

During mitosis, how many chromosomes does a human cell have at the start and after division?

Accepted Answer

46 chromosomes at the start and 46 chromosomes in each daughter cell after division.

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why cancer cells differ from normal cells in terms of the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

Cancer cells bypass normal cell cycle checkpoints, leading to uncontrolled division.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a function of the endomembrane system in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing ATP via oxidative phosphorylation.

Question 18

A solution contains 0.9% NaCl, which is the same concentration as human blood plasma. What type of solution is this for red blood cells, and what is the expected effect?

Accepted Answer

Isotonic; red blood cells will maintain their normal shape.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of lysosomes?

Accepted Answer

They contain digestive enzymes that break down waste materials and cellular debris.

Question 20

Which of the following equations best represents the process of cellular respiration in mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

$ \text{C}_6\text{H}_{12}\text{O}_6 + 6\text{O}_2 \rightarrow 6\text{CO}_2 + 6\text{H}_2\text{O} + \text{ATP} $

Anatomy & Physiology: Exam 1 Study Guide – Foundations, Chemistry, and the Cell

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