Question 1

Which of the following best describes the relationship between anatomy and physiology?

Accepted Answer

Anatomy studies the structure of body parts, while physiology studies how those parts function.

Question 2

A patient is experiencing a drop in blood glucose levels. Which type of feedback loop is most likely to be activated to restore homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

A negative feedback loop that increases glucagon secretion.

Question 3

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

The body shivering to increase heat production when cold.

Question 4

Which anatomical plane divides the body into anterior and posterior sections?

Accepted Answer

Coronal (frontal) plane

Question 5

Which of the following is a correct example of a regional term?

Accepted Answer

Brachial

Question 6

Which of the following statements about atomic structure is correct?

Accepted Answer

Electrons are found in orbitals surrounding the nucleus.

Question 7

A sodium atom (Na) loses one electron to become Na+. What type of chemical bond is most likely to form between Na+ and Cl-?

Accepted Answer

Ionic bond

Question 8

Which of the following best describes a buffer in the context of acids and bases?

Accepted Answer

A substance that resists changes in pH by accepting or donating H+ ions.

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of an organic compound?

Accepted Answer

C6H12O6

Question 10

Which type of reaction is represented by the following equation?

$ \text{AB} \rightarrow \text{A} + \text{B} $

Accepted Answer

Decomposition reaction

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct pairing of an organic macromolecule with its building block?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acid – Nucleotide

Question 12

Which statement about enzyme structure and function is correct?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy of a reaction.

Question 13

A cell is placed in a solution and swells until it bursts. What type of solution was the cell placed in?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell.

Question 15

Which organelle is primarily responsible for ATP production in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the difference between active and passive cellular processes?

Accepted Answer

Active processes require energy, while passive processes do not.

Question 17

A patient is given an intravenous solution that is hypertonic relative to their blood plasma. What is the most likely effect on their red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

The cells will shrink due to water loss.

Question 18

Which type of cell junction allows for the direct passage of ions and small molecules between adjacent cells?

Accepted Answer

Gap junction

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

They synthesize proteins.

Question 20

A scientist observes a reaction where two molecules combine to form a larger molecule and water is released. What type of reaction is this?

$ \text{A} + \text{B} \rightarrow \text{AB} + \text{H}_2\text{O} $

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis

Anatomy & Physiology Exam 1 Study Guide

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