Q: A scientist is studying the effect of pH on enzyme activity. If the pH of a solution is 4, what is the concentration of hydrogen ions $$[H^+] in $$moles per liter?

$$[H^+] = 1 \times 10$$^{-4}$$ M

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between Anatomy and Physiology?

Accepted Answer

Anatomy studies the structure of body parts, while Physiology studies their function.

Question 2

Which of the following is an emergent property in the hierarchical organization of the human body?

Accepted Answer

The ability of muscle tissue to contract, which is not present in individual muscle cells alone.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT one of the four major properties of water?

Accepted Answer

High compressibility

Question 4

A scientist is studying the effect of pH on enzyme activity. If the pH of a solution is 4, what is the concentration of hydrogen ions $$[H^+] in $$moles per liter?

Accepted Answer

$$[H^+] = 1 	imes 10$$^{-4}$$ M

Question 5

Which organelle is primarily responsible for ATP production in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 6

Which of the following best describes a negative feedback loop in human physiology?

Accepted Answer

A process that reduces the effect of a stimulus, such as the regulation of blood glucose by insulin.

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct example of facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Glucose transport into a cell via GLUT transporters

Question 8

Which of the following statements about the sodium-potassium pump is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

It moves 3 sodium ions out of the cell and 2 potassium ions into the cell per ATP hydrolyzed.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the Law of Mass Action?

Accepted Answer

The rate of a chemical reaction is proportional to the product of the concentrations of the reactants.

Question 10

Which of the following is a major function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of proteins for secretion or membrane insertion

Question 11

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Unsaturated fatty acids contain one or more double bonds, making them liquid at room temperature.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

ATP acts as the primary energy currency, transferring energy for cellular work.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct example of a hydrolysis reaction?

Accepted Answer

Breaking down a polysaccharide into monosaccharides by adding water

Question 14

A patient is experiencing rapid cell division due to dysregulation of the cell cycle. Which phase is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

G1 phase

Question 15

Which of the following is TRUE about the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into protein.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct description of osmosis?

Accepted Answer

Movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration.

Question 17

Which of the following is a major function of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Providing structural support and facilitating intracellular transport

Question 18

Which of the following is TRUE regarding activation energy in chemical reactions?

Accepted Answer

Activation energy is the minimum energy required to initiate a chemical reaction.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct example of direct cell communication?

Accepted Answer

Gap junctions between cardiac muscle cells

Question 20

Which of the following is TRUE about the difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains deoxyribose sugar, while RNA contains ribose sugar.

Anatomy & Physiology Exam 1 Study Guide: Key Concepts and Review

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