$$\text{C}_6\text{H}_{12}\text{O}_6 + 6\text{O}_2 \rightarrow 6\text{CO}_2 + 6\text{H}_2\text{O} + \text{ATP}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the significance of the S phase of Interphase in the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

It is the phase when DNA replication occurs, ensuring each daughter cell receives a complete set of genetic material.

Question 2

During DNA replication, which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the double helix?

Accepted Answer

Helicase

Question 3

A DNA strand has the sequence 5'-ATCGGTA-3'. What would be the complementary strand produced during replication?

Accepted Answer

3'-TAGCCAT-5'

Question 4

Which base is NEVER found in RNA?

Accepted Answer

Thymine

Question 5

What is the function of NAD and FAD in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

They serve as coenzymes that transport electrons to the electron transport chain.

Question 6

Which of the following equations correctly represents aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{C}_6	ext{H}_{12}	ext{O}_6 + 6	ext{O}_2 ightarrow 6	ext{CO}_2 + 6	ext{H}_2	ext{O} + 	ext{ATP}$$

Question 7

During glycolysis, what is glucose converted into?

Accepted Answer

Pyruvic acid

Question 8

If oxygen is NOT present after glycolysis, what happens to pyruvic acid in human cells?

Accepted Answer

It is converted to lactic acid through anaerobic fermentation.

Question 9

Where in the cell does the Krebs (Citric Acid) cycle take place?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrial matrix

Question 10

What is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen ($$	ext{O}_2)$$

Question 11

Which of the following best describes semi-conservative replication?

Accepted Answer

Each new DNA molecule consists of one original strand and one new strand.

Question 12

Which cell types undergo mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Somatic cells

Question 13

What is the end result of mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Two diploid cells that are genetically identical

Question 14

During meiosis I, when does crossing over occur and why is it important?

Accepted Answer

During prophase I; it increases genetic variation among gametes.

Question 15

At the end of meiosis II, what is the ploidy and genetic identity of the resulting cells?

Accepted Answer

Haploid and genetically different

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP synthase in the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

It synthesizes ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate using the proton gradient.

Question 17

Which process describes the formation of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources?

Accepted Answer

Gluconeogenesis

Question 18

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the storage of glycogen in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen is stored primarily in the liver and skeletal muscles.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains how amino acids can be mobilized for energy?

Accepted Answer

Amino acids undergo deamination, and their carbon skeletons enter the Krebs cycle.

Question 20

Which of the following correctly compares mitosis and meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis produces two genetically identical diploid cells; meiosis produces four genetically different haploid cells.

Anatomy & Physiology Exam 3 Study Guide: Step-by-Step Guidance

Study Guide - Practice Questions