Q: If a patient has a hematocrit of 45% after EPO administration, and the total blood volume is 5 liters, what is the volume of red blood cells in liters? Use the formula $V_{RBC} = H \times V_{total}$, where $H$ is hematocrit as a decimal.

$V_{RBC} = 0.45 \times 5 = 2.25$ liters

Q: A patient with a bacterial infection has a white blood cell count of $15,000$ cells/$\mu$L, with $80\%$ neutrophils. How many neutrophils are present per $\mu$L? Use the formula $N = WBC \times P$, where $N$ is neutrophil count, $WBC$ is total white blood cell count, and $P$ is the proportion of neutrophils.

$N = 15,000 \times 0.80 = 12,000$ neutrophils/$\mu$L

Question 1

Which hormone deficiency is most commonly implicated in the development of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women?

Accepted Answer

Estrogen

Question 2

A patient is administered erythropoietin (EPO) to treat anemia. Which laboratory value is most likely to increase as a result?

Accepted Answer

Hematocrit

Question 3

Which bone cell is primarily responsible for bone resorption, a process crucial for calcium homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts

Question 4

Which hormone, when administered in large doses, can temporarily decrease blood calcium levels?

Accepted Answer

Calcitonin

Question 5

Which type of bone contains trabeculae, providing structural support and housing bone marrow?

Accepted Answer

Spongy bone

Question 6

A patient presents with a bacterial infection. Which type of white blood cell is most likely to be elevated in their blood test?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophils

Question 7

Which hormone stimulates epiphyseal plate activity, promoting longitudinal bone growth during childhood?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone

Question 8

Which vitamin, when taken with calcium, is recommended to help prevent osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin D

Question 9

What is the name of the connective tissue layer that surrounds an individual muscle cell?

Accepted Answer

Endomysium

Question 10

During rigor mortis, which molecule is absent, preventing muscle relaxation?

Accepted Answer

ATP

Question 11

Which cellular structure in skeletal muscle cells is responsible for storing and releasing calcium ions during contraction?

Accepted Answer

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 12

Which property of skeletal muscle allows it to shorten forcefully when stimulated?

Accepted Answer

Contractility

Question 13

When a tube of blood is centrifuged, why do red blood cells (RBCs) sink to the bottom?

Accepted Answer

They separate based on density

Question 14

Which property of red blood cells (RBCs) enhances their ability to transport gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide?

Accepted Answer

Lack of nucleus

Question 15

A patient is diagnosed with pernicious anemia. Which combination of deficiencies is most likely present?

Accepted Answer

Intrinsic factor and vitamin B12

Question 16

Which hormone increases osteoclast activity, leading to elevated blood calcium levels?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone

Question 17

Which of the following is a primary function of the skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

Support and protection of organs

Question 18

A patient with osteoporosis is advised to increase their intake of calcium and vitamin D. Which equation best describes the relationship between calcium absorption ($A$), dietary calcium ($C$), and vitamin D level ($D$)?

Accepted Answer

$A = C 	imes D$

Question 19

If a patient has a hematocrit of 45% after EPO administration, and the total blood volume is 5 liters, what is the volume of red blood cells in liters? Use the formula $V_{RBC} = H 	imes V_{total}$, where $H$ is hematocrit as a decimal.

Accepted Answer

$V_{RBC} = 0.45 	imes 5 = 2.25$ liters

Question 20

A patient with a bacterial infection has a white blood cell count of $15,000$ cells/$\mu$L, with $80\%$ neutrophils. How many neutrophils are present per $\mu$L? Use the formula $N = WBC 	imes P$, where $N$ is neutrophil count, $WBC$ is total white blood cell count, and $P$ is the proportion of neutrophils.

Accepted Answer

$N = 15,000 	imes 0.80 = 12,000$ neutrophils/$\mu$L

Anatomy & Physiology: Exam Review Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards