Question 1

Which of the following best describes a dermatome?

Accepted Answer

A region of skin innervated by the sensory fibers of a single spinal nerve.

Question 2

A patient steps on a sharp object and immediately withdraws their foot. Which of the following correctly lists the five elements of the reflex arc involved in this response?

Accepted Answer

Receptor, sensory neuron, integration center, motor neuron, effector

Question 3

Which of the following best explains the function of the Golgi tendon reflex?

Accepted Answer

It prevents excessive tension in muscles by causing muscle relaxation when tension is too high.

Question 4

Which nerve plexus is responsible for innervating the lower limb?

Accepted Answer

Lumbar plexus

Question 5

A patient presents with loss of tactile sensation in the fingertips. Which receptor type is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Meissner's corpuscles

Question 6

Which of the following statements about receptor adaptation is correct?

Accepted Answer

Phasic receptors decrease their response to a constant stimulus over time.

Question 7

Which neurotransmitter is released by preganglionic neurons of both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 8

During the 'fight or flight' response, which of the following physiological changes is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Increased heart rate and dilation of bronchioles

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the difference between adrenergic and muscarinic receptors?

Accepted Answer

Adrenergic receptors bind norepinephrine and epinephrine, while muscarinic receptors bind acetylcholine.

Question 10

Which cranial nerve is primarily responsible for transmitting visual information from the retina to the brain?

Accepted Answer

Optic nerve (Cranial Nerve II)

Question 11

A patient is unable to accommodate their vision for near objects. Which structure is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Ciliary muscle

Question 12

Which structure in the inner ear is responsible for detecting rotational movements of the head?

Accepted Answer

Crista ampullaris

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of the basilar membrane in the cochlea?

Accepted Answer

It vibrates in response to sound waves, allowing hair cells to detect different frequencies.

Question 14

A person with damage to their splanchnic nerves would most likely experience problems with which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of abdominal organ function

Question 15

Which of the following cranial nerves is responsible for the sense of smell?

Accepted Answer

Olfactory nerve (Cranial Nerve I)

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why a person with damage to the maculae of the vestibule would have difficulty?

Accepted Answer

They would have trouble detecting linear acceleration and head position relative to gravity.

Question 17

Which neurotransmitter is released by most postganglionic sympathetic neurons?

Accepted Answer

Norepinephrine

Question 18

A patient is unable to taste sweet or salty foods but can still taste bitter and sour. Which cranial nerve is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Facial nerve (Cranial Nerve VII)

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the pathway of visual information from the retina to the brain?

Accepted Answer

Photoreceptors → bipolar cells → ganglion cells → optic nerve → optic chiasm → optic tract → visual cortex

Question 20

A patient presents with loss of equilibrium and frequent falls. Which structure is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Vestibular apparatus

Anatomy & Physiology Exam Study Guide: Chapters 13–15

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards