Q: Which equation correctly represents the calculation of body surface area ($$BSA) $$using the Mosteller formula, commonly used in burn assessment?

$$BSA = \sqrt{\dfrac{height \times weight}{3600}}$$

Question 1

Which layer of the epidermis is primarily responsible for mitotic cell division, allowing for skin regeneration after injury?

Accepted Answer

Stratum basale

Question 2

A patient presents with a third-degree burn covering 20% of their body surface area. Which of the following is the most immediate life-threatening concern?

Accepted Answer

Severe fluid loss leading to hypovolemic shock

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the function of eccrine sweat glands?

Accepted Answer

Thermoregulation through secretion of watery sweat

Question 4

During bone development, which process is responsible for the formation of most flat bones, such as those of the skull?

Accepted Answer

Intramembranous ossification

Question 5

A fracture that breaks the bone into two or more fragments and penetrates the skin is classified as:

Accepted Answer

Open (compound) fracture

Question 6

Which equation best represents the relationship between force ($$F$$), cross-sectional area ($$A$$), and stress ($$\sigma) in $$bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

$$F = \sigma 	imes A$$

Question 7

Which of the following synovial joints allows for the greatest range of motion?

Accepted Answer

Hip joint

Question 8

A patient with osteoporosis is at increased risk for which type of bone fracture, especially in the vertebrae?

Accepted Answer

Compression fracture

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the sliding filament model of muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Actin and myosin filaments slide past each other, resulting in sarcomere shortening

Question 10

Which neurotransmitter is released at the neuromuscular junction to initiate muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 11

A patient is unable to extend their knee after a traumatic injury. Which joint is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Knee joint

Question 12

Which type of cartilage is found in the intervertebral discs and is most resistant to compression?

Accepted Answer

Fibrocartilage

Question 13

Which of the following muscle types is under voluntary control and contains striations?

Accepted Answer

Skeletal muscle

Question 14

Which structural component of skeletal muscle fiber is directly responsible for transmitting the action potential deep into the muscle cell?

Accepted Answer

Transverse (T) tubule

Question 15

A patient with Duchenne muscular dystrophy is most likely to have a defect in which protein that stabilizes the muscle cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Dystrophin

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the movement allowed by a glenohumeral joint?

Accepted Answer

Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation

Question 17

Which equation correctly represents the calculation of body surface area ($$BSA) $$using the Mosteller formula, commonly used in burn assessment?

Accepted Answer

$$BSA = \sqrt{\dfrac{height 	imes weight}{3600}}$$

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of the hypodermis?

Accepted Answer

Insulation and energy storage

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why malignant melanoma is more dangerous than basal cell carcinoma?

Accepted Answer

It has a higher tendency to invade deeper tissues and metastasize

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

It stores and releases calcium ions ($$Ca^{2+}) $$necessary for contraction

Anatomy & Physiology Exam Study Guide: Skin, Cartilage, Bone, Joints, and Muscle

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