Q: Which equation represents the calculation of equilibrium potential ($$E) $$for an ion using the Nernst equation?

$$E = \frac{RT}{zF} \ln \left( \frac{[\text{ion outside}]}{[\text{ion inside}]} \right)$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of a dermatome map in clinical practice?

Accepted Answer

It maps the distribution of sensory innervation by spinal nerves across the skin.

Question 2

A patient touches a hot stove and immediately withdraws their hand. Which element of the reflex arc is responsible for transmitting the sensory information to the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Sensory neuron

Question 3

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the cross extensor reflex?

Accepted Answer

It is a polysynaptic reflex that helps maintain balance by activating the opposite limb.

Question 4

The Golgi tendon reflex is primarily responsible for:

Accepted Answer

Preventing excessive muscle contraction by causing muscle relaxation.

Question 5

Which nerve plexus is responsible for innervating the lower limbs?

Accepted Answer

Lumbar plexus

Question 6

Which of the following best describes receptor adaptation?

Accepted Answer

The decrease in receptor response to a constant stimulus.

Question 7

Which neurotransmitter is released by preganglionic neurons in both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 8

A patient experiences increased heart rate, dilated pupils, and decreased digestive activity. Which division of the autonomic nervous system is primarily responsible for these effects?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic

Question 9

Which of the following receptors is activated by acetylcholine in the parasympathetic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Muscarinic receptor

Question 10

The anatomy of a spinal nerve includes which of the following structures?

Accepted Answer

Dorsal root, ventral root, and mixed nerve fibers

Question 11

Which cranial nerve is responsible for transmitting visual information from the retina to the brain?

Accepted Answer

Optic nerve (CN II)

Question 12

Which structure in the inner ear is responsible for detecting rotational movements of the head?

Accepted Answer

Crista ampullaris

Question 13

A patient presents with loss of equilibrium and dizziness. Which structure is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Maculae of the vestibule

Question 14

Which formula best represents the relationship between frequency ($$f$$), wavelength ($$\lambda$$), and speed of sound ($$v) in $$the cochlea?

Accepted Answer

$$v = f 	imes \lambda$$

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the process of accommodation in the eye?

Accepted Answer

The adjustment of the lens shape to focus light on the retina.

Question 16

Which cranial nerve is primarily responsible for the sense of smell?

Accepted Answer

Olfactory nerve (CN I)

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct pathway for visual information from the retina to the brain?

Accepted Answer

Retina → Optic nerve → Optic chiasm → Optic tract → Lateral geniculate nucleus → Visual cortex

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of the basilar membrane in hearing?

Accepted Answer

It vibrates in response to sound waves, allowing hair cells to detect different frequencies.

Question 19

Which equation represents the calculation of equilibrium potential ($$E) $$for an ion using the Nernst equation?

Accepted Answer

$$E = \frac{RT}{zF} \ln \left( \frac{[	ext{ion outside}]}{[	ext{ion inside}]} ight)$$

Question 20

Which cranial nerve is involved in both taste sensation and swallowing?

Accepted Answer

Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

Anatomy & Physiology Exam Study Guide: Chapters 13–15 (BIO168)

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards