Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the muscular system?

Accepted Answer

To generate movement and maintain posture

Question 2

A patient is unable to flex their elbow after an injury. Which muscle is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Biceps brachii

Question 3

Which of the following equations correctly represents the breakdown of glucose to ATP in muscle cells during aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6} + 6\ \mathrm{O_2} \rightarrow 6\ \mathrm{CO_2} + 6\ \mathrm{H_2O} + 36\ \mathrm{ATP}$

Question 4

Which of the following best explains the difference between arteries and veins?

Accepted Answer

Arteries carry blood away from the heart, veins carry blood toward the heart

Question 5

A patient presents with a blood pressure of $180/120\ \mathrm{mmHg}$. Which term best describes this condition?

Accepted Answer

Hypertension

Question 6

Which of the following is the correct order of blood flow through the heart, starting from the vena cava?

Accepted Answer

Right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary artery → lungs → left atrium → left ventricle → aorta

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the function of hemoglobin in red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

It transports oxygen from the lungs to tissues

Question 8

A patient with a deficiency in platelets would most likely experience which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Difficulty in blood clotting

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct match between a type of leukocyte and its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Basophils: release histamine during allergic reactions

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the difference between an antigen and an antibody?

Accepted Answer

Antigens are foreign substances that trigger an immune response; antibodies are proteins that bind to antigens

Question 11

A patient is exposed to a virus for the first time and develops symptoms after several days. Which type of immune response is primarily responsible for this delay?

Accepted Answer

Primary immune response

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why a person with type O blood is considered a universal donor?

Accepted Answer

Type O blood lacks A and B antigens, so it does not trigger an immune response in recipients

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of the lymphatic system?

Accepted Answer

Returning excess interstitial fluid to the bloodstream

Question 14

A patient is diagnosed with an autoimmune disorder. Which of the following best describes what is happening in their body?

Accepted Answer

Their immune system attacks the body's own cells as if they were foreign

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

To exchange gases between the body and the environment

Question 16

A patient with metabolic acidosis is likely to experience which of the following respiratory compensations?

Accepted Answer

Increased respiratory rate to expel $\mathrm{CO_2}$

Question 17

Which of the following is a unique feature of alveoli that makes them efficient for gas exchange?

Accepted Answer

They have a large surface area and thin walls

Question 18

A patient is experiencing shortness of breath and fatigue. Blood tests reveal a low hemoglobin concentration. Which condition is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Anemia

Question 19

Which of the following best explains the difference between respiratory and metabolic anemia?

Accepted Answer

Respiratory anemia is caused by decreased oxygen intake; metabolic anemia is caused by decreased red blood cell production

Question 20

A patient is exposed to an allergen and develops hives within minutes. Which type of immune response is this?

Accepted Answer

Immediate hypersensitivity (allergic) response

Anatomy & Physiology Exam Study Guide: Muscular, Blood, Cardiovascular, Immune, and Respiratory Systems

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards