Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between negative feedback and positive feedback in physiological systems?

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback opposes the original stimulus to maintain homeostasis, while positive feedback amplifies the stimulus, often leading to a specific event's completion.

Question 2

A patient is lying face up on an examination table with their palms facing upward. What is the anatomical position of this patient?

Accepted Answer

Supine

Question 3

Which serous membrane directly covers the surface of the heart?

Accepted Answer

Visceral pericardium

Question 4

A patient is experiencing pain in the lower right region of their abdomen. Which abdominal pelvic region is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Right iliac (inguinal) region

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT considered a characteristic of life?

Accepted Answer

Decay

Question 6

A transverse section of the body divides the body into which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Superior and inferior portions

Question 7

Which of the following best distinguishes between anatomy and physiology?

Accepted Answer

Anatomy studies the structure of body parts, while physiology studies their function.

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of a catabolic (hydrolysis) reaction?

Accepted Answer

Breakdown of a protein into amino acids

Question 9

Given the chemical formula $\mathrm{H_2O}$, how many hydrogen and oxygen atoms are present in one molecule?

Accepted Answer

2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of an inorganic molecule?

Accepted Answer

Water ($\mathrm{H_2O}$)

Question 11

If an atom has 7 electrons, how many electrons are in its outermost (valence) shell?

Accepted Answer

7

Question 12

A red blood cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will shrink as water leaves the cell.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the structure of a nucleotide found in DNA?

Accepted Answer

A phosphate group, a deoxyribose sugar, and a nitrogenous base

Question 14

Which organelle is primarily responsible for ATP production in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 15

Which process requires energy in the form of ATP to move substances against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 16

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct example of a dehydration synthesis reaction?

Accepted Answer

Combining two amino acids to form a dipeptide and releasing water

Question 19

Which of the following best describes phagocytosis?

Accepted Answer

The engulfing of large particles or microorganisms by a cell

Question 20

Which of the following statements about atomic number and atomic mass is correct?

Accepted Answer

Atomic number is the number of protons, and atomic mass is the sum of protons and neutrons.

Anatomy & Physiology: Foundational Concepts and Key Principles

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