Question 1

Which of the following best describes homeostasis in the human body?

Accepted Answer

The process by which the body maintains a stable internal environment despite changes in external conditions.

Question 2

A patient is experiencing dehydration. Which type of solution should NOT be administered intravenously due to risk of further cell shrinkage?

Accepted Answer

Hypertonic solution

Question 3

Which feedback mechanism is responsible for amplifying a physiological process, such as the release of oxytocin during childbirth?

Accepted Answer

Positive feedback

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cutaneous membrane?

Accepted Answer

Production of red blood cells

Question 5

A cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What will most likely happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will swell and may burst due to water influx.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules across a membrane via a protein channel, down their concentration gradient, without energy input.

Question 7

Which layer of the epidermis is responsible for the production of new skin cells?

Accepted Answer

Stratum basale

Question 8

Which connective tissue fiber provides tensile strength and is most abundant in tendons?

Accepted Answer

Collagen fibers

Question 9

A person suffers a deep wound. Which is the correct order of the four stages of deep wound healing?

Accepted Answer

Inflammation, migration, proliferation, maturation

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the process of phagocytosis?

Accepted Answer

A cell engulfs large particles or microorganisms by surrounding them with its membrane.

Question 11

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between pH and hydrogen ion concentration $$[H^+]$$?

Accepted Answer

$$pH = -\log_{10} [H^+]$$

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of the hypodermis?

Accepted Answer

Insulation and energy storage

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of DNA polymerase during cellular division?

Accepted Answer

It synthesizes new DNA strands by adding nucleotides to a template strand.

Question 14

Which of the following codons is a stop codon in mRNA translation?

Accepted Answer

UAA

Question 15

A patient has a genetic mutation affecting collagen production. Which tissue type is most likely to be compromised?

Accepted Answer

Connective tissue

Question 16

Which of the following best describes osmosis?

Accepted Answer

Movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration.

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of mast cells in connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

Release histamine during inflammatory responses

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the process of transcription?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of mRNA from a DNA template

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct base pairing in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T)

Question 20

A patient is exposed to excessive UV radiation. Which of the following is a likely effect on the skin?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of DNA mutations leading to skin cancer

Anatomy & Physiology: Foundational Concepts and Review for Test One

Study Guide - Practice Questions