Question 1

A patient presents with a deep laceration on the medial side of their right forearm. Which of the following best describes the location of the injury using directional terminology?

Accepted Answer

Proximal and medial to the wrist

Question 2

Which plane of section would divide the body into equal right and left halves?

Accepted Answer

Midsagittal plane

Question 3

A surgeon is planning to remove a tumor from the abdominal cavity. To avoid damaging the serous membrane that lines the abdominal wall, which membrane must be preserved?

Accepted Answer

Parietal peritoneum

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the function of the phospholipid bilayer in the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

It allows selective passage of substances due to hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions.

Question 5

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. Which membrane transport mechanism will primarily cause the cell to shrink, and what is the direction of water movement?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis; water moves out of the cell

Question 6

Which organelle is responsible for packaging and modifying proteins for secretion, and what is the main process it uses?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus; exocytosis

Question 7

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur, and what is the ploidy of the cell immediately after this phase?

Accepted Answer

S phase; diploid with duplicated chromosomes

Question 8

A biopsy reveals a tissue composed of multiple layers of flat cells. Which type of epithelial tissue is this, and what is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Stratified squamous; protection

Question 9

Which connective tissue type is found in tendons and ligaments, and what is its main structural protein?

Accepted Answer

Dense regular connective tissue; collagen

Question 10

A patient with a genetic defect in microtubules would most likely have problems with which cellular process?

Accepted Answer

Cell division (mitosis)

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the difference between thick and thin skin?

Accepted Answer

Thick skin has a thicker stratum corneum and lacks hair follicles.

Question 12

Which layer of the epidermis is responsible for the continuous production of new keratinocytes?

Accepted Answer

Stratum basale

Question 13

A patient presents with a blister after a burn. Which skin layers are separated to form the blister?

Accepted Answer

Epidermis and dermis

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of eccrine sweat glands?

Accepted Answer

Thermoregulation through watery sweat

Question 15

A man is experiencing male-pattern baldness. Which type of hair is being lost, and what is the main hormone involved?

Accepted Answer

Terminal hair; dihydrotestosterone (DHT)

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of lysosomes in a cell?

Accepted Answer

Digest and recycle cellular waste

Question 17

A red blood cell is placed in a solution and swells until it bursts. Which type of solution is this, and what is the process called?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic solution; osmosis

Question 18

Which of the following is true regarding the difference between haploid and diploid cells?

Accepted Answer

Haploid cells contain half the number of chromosomes as diploid cells: $n$ vs. $2n$

Question 19

A patient has a mutation affecting the function of their fibroblasts. Which tissue type would most likely be affected, and what is a possible consequence?

Accepted Answer

Connective tissue; poor wound healing

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why the stratum corneum is important for the skin's barrier function?

Accepted Answer

It consists of dead, keratinized cells that prevent water loss and pathogen entry.

Anatomy & Physiology: Foundational Concepts, Cell Structure, Tissues, and Integumentary System

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