Question 1

Which of the following best describes the correct order of levels of organization in the human body, from smallest to largest?

Accepted Answer

Atom → Molecule → Cell → Tissue → Organ → Organ system → Organism

Question 2

A patient is experiencing dehydration. Which process is most likely occurring at the cellular level to help restore water balance?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis, moving water from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration

Question 3

Which of the following is a function of the effector in a homeostatic control system?

Accepted Answer

Carries out the response to restore balance

Question 4

A solution has a pH of 5. Which of the following statements is correct?

Accepted Answer

The solution is acidic and has a high concentration of H$$^{+}$$ ions.

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why water is considered a polar molecule?

Accepted Answer

It has a partial positive charge on hydrogen and a partial negative charge on oxygen.

Question 6

A triglyceride is composed of which of the following components?

Accepted Answer

Three fatty acids and one glycerol

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the difference between ionic and covalent bonds?

Accepted Answer

Ionic bonds involve transfer of electrons, while covalent bonds involve sharing of electrons.

Question 8

During DNA replication, which base pairs with adenine (A) in the newly synthesized strand?

Accepted Answer

Thymine (T)

Question 9

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will most likely happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will shrink as water leaves the cell.

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of proteins found in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Catalyzing chemical reactions

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the process of hydrolysis?

Accepted Answer

Breaking a molecule into smaller components by adding a water molecule

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skin?

Accepted Answer

Production of red blood cells

Question 13

A burn patient is assessed using the Rule of Nines. If the entire left arm is burned, what percentage of the total body surface area is affected?

Accepted Answer

$$9\%$$

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of tight junctions in epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

Prevent leakage of extracellular fluid between cells

Question 15

Which layer of the epidermis is responsible for mitosis and regeneration of new skin cells?

Accepted Answer

Stratum basale

Question 16

A person is exposed to a cold environment. Which homeostatic mechanism is most likely activated?

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback to increase body temperature

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of DNA in protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains the instructions for assembling proteins

Question 18

Which of the following is a characteristic of connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

Contains abundant extracellular matrix

Question 19

Which of the following statements about serous membranes is correct?

Accepted Answer

The parietal layer lines the body cavity wall, and the visceral layer covers the organ

Question 20

A cell is observed to have many mitochondria, extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum, and a prominent nucleolus. Which function is this cell most likely specialized for?

Accepted Answer

Rapid cell division and protein synthesis

Anatomy & Physiology: Foundational Concepts, Cells, and Tissues Study Guide

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