Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of mast cells in the dermis during the inflammatory response?

Accepted Answer

They release histamine to increase vascular permeability.

Question 2

Which equation represents the carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffering mechanism in the body?

Accepted Answer

$$ \mathrm{H_2CO_3 \rightarrow $$HCO_3$$^- + H^+} $$

Question 3

A patient is exposed to a hypertonic solution. What will happen to their red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Cells will shrink as water leaves the cell.

Question 4

Which of the following is a function of the epidermis?

Accepted Answer

Physical protection via keratin and lipid barrier.

Question 5

Which cellular junction allows direct passage of ions and small molecules between adjacent cells?

Accepted Answer

Gap junctions

Question 6

Which of the following best describes facilitated diffusion across a cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Movement of solutes down their concentration gradient via a transport protein.

Question 7

Which phase of the cell cycle is characterized by DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a function of water in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Provides structural support for cell membranes.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the difference between covalent and ionic bonds?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons; ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons.

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct sequence for vitamin D synthesis and activation in the body?

Accepted Answer

Skin $$\rightarrow$$ Liver $$\rightarrow$$ Kidney

Question 11

A burn patient has damage covering the entire anterior surface of one leg and the anterior trunk. Using the rule of nines, what percentage of body surface area is affected?

Accepted Answer

27%

Question 12

Which of the following is a primary function of carbohydrates in the body?

Accepted Answer

Immediate energy source

Question 13

Which of the following best describes apoptosis?

Accepted Answer

Programmed cell death for normal development

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of the sodium-potassium pump ($$\mathrm{Na^+/K^+}$$ ATPase) in cells?

Accepted Answer

Maintains the resting membrane potential by actively transporting $$\mathrm{Na^+}$$ out and $$\mathrm{K^+} in.$$

Question 15

Which of the following is a characteristic of tight junctions in epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

They prevent leakage of substances between cells.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct description of osmosis?

Accepted Answer

Movement of water from low solute concentration to high solute concentration.

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of microvilli on epithelial cells?

Accepted Answer

Increase surface area for absorption.

Question 18

Which of the following is a general attribute of lipids in the body?

Accepted Answer

Provide insulation and long-term energy storage.

Question 19

Which of the following is a sign of the inflammatory response in wound healing?

Accepted Answer

Redness and swelling due to increased vascular permeability

Question 20

Which of the following skin tumors is most likely to metastasize rapidly and be life-threatening?

Accepted Answer

Melanoma

Anatomy & Physiology: Foundational Concepts, Chemistry, Cells, and Integumentary System

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