Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of negative feedback in homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

It reverses the direction of the initial stimulus to maintain internal stability.

Question 2

A patient’s blood pH is measured at 7.25. According to the pH scale, this condition is known as:

Accepted Answer

Acidosis

Question 3

Which of the following is a correct example of a covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen atoms sharing electrons to form H$$_2$$

Question 4

A solution contains 0.01 mol/L of H$$^+$$ ions. What is its pH?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{pH} = -\log_{10}(0.01) = 4$$

Question 5

Which organelle is primarily responsible for ATP production in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 6

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will shrink due to water efflux.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the function of ligand-gated channels in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

They open in response to the binding of a specific molecule.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a component of a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

Fatty acid chain

Question 9

During protein synthesis, what is the role of the anti-codon on tRNA?

Accepted Answer

It pairs with the codon on mRNA to ensure correct amino acid placement.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the difference between passive and active transport across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Passive transport moves substances down their concentration gradient without energy input, while active transport moves substances against their gradient using energy.

Question 11

Which of the following is a polysaccharide?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why buffers are important in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

They maintain pH stability by neutralizing excess acids or bases.

Question 13

Which of the following organelles is responsible for packaging and modifying proteins for secretion?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 14

Which of the following is true regarding osmolarity and fluid movement?

Accepted Answer

Water moves from areas of low osmolarity to high osmolarity.

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 16

A cell uses endocytosis to:

Accepted Answer

Engulf large particles or fluids into the cell.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of microvilli?

Accepted Answer

Increase surface area for absorption

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about chemical reduction reactions?

Accepted Answer

Reduction involves the gain of electrons.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct example of a directional term?

Accepted Answer

The stomach is inferior to the diaphragm.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

It provides structural support and facilitates cell movement.

Anatomy & Physiology: Foundational Concepts, Chemistry, and Cell Structure

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