Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of negative feedback in homeostasis? Consider a scenario where body temperature rises above normal.

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback reverses the initial change, bringing body temperature back to normal.

Question 2

Given the chemical formula $$\mathrm{NaCl}$$, what type of bond is most likely present between sodium and chlorine?

Accepted Answer

Ionic bond

Question 3

Which organelle is primarily responsible for synthesizing proteins in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 4

A patient is experiencing muscle weakness due to low calcium levels. Which type of membrane transport is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 5

Which of the following molecules is hydrophobic and nonpolar?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipid tail

Question 6

Which equation correctly represents the first law of thermodynamics as it applies to energy in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta E = Q + W$$

Question 7

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will lose water and shrink.

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why phospholipids form bilayers in water?

Accepted Answer

Their hydrophobic tails avoid water while hydrophilic heads interact with water.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a function of the extracellular matrix in connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 10

Which process describes the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the difference between catabolic and anabolic reactions?

Accepted Answer

Catabolic reactions release energy by breaking down molecules; anabolic reactions require energy to build molecules.

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the levels of organization in the human body, from simplest to most complex?

Accepted Answer

Cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

Secretion

Question 14

A mutation in the gene coding for collagen would most directly affect which tissue type?

Accepted Answer

Connective tissue

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of channel proteins in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

They allow specific molecules to pass through the membrane via facilitated diffusion.

Question 16

Which of the following is a product of a dehydration synthesis reaction between two amino acids?

Accepted Answer

A peptide bond and water

Question 17

Which of the following variables will increase the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction, assuming all other conditions are optimal?

Accepted Answer

Increasing temperature up to the enzyme's optimum

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why DNA is important for cell function?

Accepted Answer

DNA encodes instructions for protein synthesis, which determines cell structure and function.

Question 19

A person is unable to detoxify hydrogen peroxide in their cells. Which organelle is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Peroxisome

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of ATP in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

ATP provides energy for cellular processes.

Anatomy & Physiology: Foundational Concepts, Chemistry, Cells, Tissues, and Homeostasis

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