Q: Which equation correctly represents the calculation of atomic number and mass number for an atom?

Atomic number $= \text{number of protons}$; Mass number $= \text{number of protons} + \text{number of neutrons}$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the plasma membrane in a human cell?

Accepted Answer

It regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell, using a phospholipid bilayer with polar heads facing outward and nonpolar tails inward.

Question 2

A patient is experiencing difficulty with absorption of nutrients in the digestive tract. Which type of epithelial tissue is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Simple columnar epithelium

Question 3

Which organelle is primarily responsible for packaging and modifying proteins for secretion?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 4

A solution has a pH of 8.5. Which statement is correct regarding its acidity?

Accepted Answer

It is basic because its pH is above 7.

Question 5

Which of the following best illustrates negative feedback in homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Body temperature regulation, where sweating reduces elevated temperature

Question 6

During which phase of mitosis do chromosomes align at the center of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 7

A genetic disorder is found to be sex-linked. Which chromosome is most likely to carry the gene responsible?

Accepted Answer

X chromosome

Question 8

Which of the following is a property of water that is essential for maintaining body temperature during exercise?

Accepted Answer

High heat capacity

Question 9

A mutation occurs in the gene coding for an enzyme. Which level of protein structure is most directly affected by a change in the amino acid sequence?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure

Question 10

Which type of transport across the plasma membrane requires energy in the form of ATP and moves substances against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 11

A person has a blood pH of 7.25. What does this indicate?

Accepted Answer

The blood is acidic and below the normal range.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of the basement membrane in epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

It attaches epithelial tissue to underlying connective tissue.

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of a polysaccharide used for energy storage in humans?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Question 14

A cell is observed to have many mitochondria. What is the most likely function of this cell?

Accepted Answer

Energy production through ATP synthesis

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the difference between simple and stratified epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

Simple epithelium has one layer; stratified has multiple layers.

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

Support, binding, and transport

Question 17

A person inherits a trait that is dominant. How many alleles are required for the trait to be expressed?

Accepted Answer

One allele

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the process of transcription in protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

DNA is used as a template to produce mRNA in the nucleus.

Question 19

Which imaging technique is safest for monitoring fetal development during pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

Ultrasound

Question 20

Which equation correctly represents the calculation of atomic number and mass number for an atom?

Accepted Answer

Atomic number $= 	ext{number of protons}$; Mass number $= 	ext{number of protons} + 	ext{number of neutrons}$

Anatomy & Physiology: Foundational Study Notes

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