Q: Which equation correctly represents the hydrolysis of ATP?

$ \mathrm{ATP} + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} \rightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P}_i + \text{energy} $

Question 1

Which of the following best describes a negative feedback loop in human physiology?

Accepted Answer

A process where the response opposes the original stimulus, helping to maintain homeostasis.

Question 2

A patient is experiencing rapid cell death due to trauma. Which process is most likely responsible for this type of cell death?

Accepted Answer

Necrosis

Question 3

Which of the following is a correct statement about the four macromolecules of life?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates are polymers of monosaccharides and serve as a primary energy source.

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why organic molecules are often polymerized in cells?

Accepted Answer

Polymerization enables efficient storage and structural diversity of macromolecules.

Question 5

A scientist is studying an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. Which of the following would most likely increase the rate of the reaction?

Accepted Answer

Increasing the substrate concentration up to the enzyme's saturation point.

Question 6

Which equation correctly represents the hydrolysis of ATP?

Accepted Answer

$ \mathrm{ATP} + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} ightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P}_i + 	ext{energy} $

Question 7

During glycolysis, which of the following is the net production of ATP per molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

2 ATP

Question 8

A mutation in a gene results in a nonfunctional enzyme. Which of the following is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The substrate for that enzyme will accumulate, and the product will be deficient.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes facilitated diffusion across a cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules from high to low concentration through a protein channel, without energy input.

Question 10

A solution contains 0.2 mol/L NaCl and 0.1 mol/L glucose. What is the total osmolarity of the solution?

Accepted Answer

$ 0.4\ \mathrm{osmoles/L} $

Question 11

Which of the following is a hallmark of cancer cells?

Accepted Answer

Loss of responsiveness to normal growth control signals.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of electron carriers in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

They transfer electrons to the electron transport chain, enabling ATP synthesis.

Question 13

Which of the following is true regarding competitive and noncompetitive enzyme inhibitors?

Accepted Answer

Competitive inhibitors bind to the active site, while noncompetitive inhibitors bind to a different site on the enzyme.

Question 14

A cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

The cell will gain water and may burst.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of the sodium-potassium pump ($ \mathrm{Na}^+/\mathrm{K}^+ $-ATPase)?

Accepted Answer

It uses ATP to move sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell against their concentration gradients.

Question 16

Which of the following is required for DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

DNA polymerase and nucleotides

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why water moves across a semipermeable membrane during osmosis?

Accepted Answer

Water moves from areas of low solute concentration to areas of high solute concentration.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the relationship between acids, bases, and the pH scale?

Accepted Answer

Acids have a pH less than 7, bases have a pH greater than 7.

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of substrate-level phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

ATP production during glycolysis

Question 20

A laboratory experiment uses Beer's Law to determine the concentration of a protein solution. If the absorbance ($ A $) is 0.5, the path length ($ l $) is 1 cm, and the molar absorptivity ($ \varepsilon $) is $ 2\ \mathrm{L\,mol^{-1}\,cm^{-1}} $, what is the concentration ($ c $) of the solution?

Accepted Answer

$ 0.25\ \mathrm{mol/L} $

Anatomy & Physiology: Foundations, Cellular Processes, and Laboratory Principles

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