Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

It provides structural support and mediates the connection between cells and fibers in connective tissue.

Question 2

A patient has a burn that destroys the entire epidermis and dermis, extending into the subcutaneous tissue. Which degree of burn is this, and what is the primary clinical concern?

Accepted Answer

Third degree burn; risk of rapid fluid loss and infection.

Question 3

Which type of epithelial tissue is best suited for rapid diffusion of gases, such as in the alveoli of the lungs, and why?

Accepted Answer

Simple squamous epithelium, because its thin, single layer facilitates efficient gas exchange.

Question 4

Which of the following connective tissue cell types is primarily responsible for producing fibers and ground substance in loose connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

Fibroblasts

Question 5

A biopsy of a patient’s skin reveals a thick layer of dead, keratinized cells. Which layer of the epidermis is this, and what is its main function?

Accepted Answer

Stratum corneum; provides a barrier to environmental damage and water loss.

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why cartilage heals more slowly than bone after injury?

Accepted Answer

Cartilage has a limited blood supply, so nutrients and cells required for repair are less available.

Question 7

A histological slide shows a tissue with multiple layers of flat cells on the surface, found lining the inside of the mouth. What type of epithelium is this, and what is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Stratified squamous epithelium; protection against abrasion.

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of adipose tissue, and where is it commonly found?

Accepted Answer

Insulation and energy storage; found in the hypodermis and around internal organs.

Question 9

Which of the following best distinguishes exocrine glands from endocrine glands?

Accepted Answer

Exocrine glands release their secretions onto epithelial surfaces via ducts.

Question 10

A patient presents with a skin lesion diagnosed as melanoma. Which cell type is affected, and why is this cancer considered the most dangerous?

Accepted Answer

Melanocytes; because melanoma can rapidly metastasize to other organs.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the main function of cilia on pseudostratified columnar epithelial cells in the respiratory tract?

Accepted Answer

Movement of mucus and trapped particles out of the airways.

Question 12

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between the number of cell layers and the classification of epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Number of layers} = 1 \implies 	ext{Simple epithelium}$$

Question 13

Which connective tissue type is found in the papillary layer of the dermis and is important for supporting blood vessels and immune cells?

Accepted Answer

Areolar connective tissue

Question 14

A patient has a genetic disorder affecting the production of collagen fibers. Which tissue type would be most directly affected, and what is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Connective tissue; decreased structural support and increased tissue fragility.

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why the stratum basale is essential for skin regeneration?

Accepted Answer

It is the site of most cell division, producing new keratinocytes to replace those lost at the surface.

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of the skin that directly involves the integumentary system’s role in homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Thermoregulation by sweating to maintain body temperature.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the difference between keratinized and nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium?

Accepted Answer

Keratinized is found on external surfaces like skin and provides a tough, water-resistant barrier; nonkeratinized is found on internal surfaces like the mouth and esophagus and remains moist.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function and location of goblet cells?

Accepted Answer

They produce mucus in simple columnar and pseudostratified columnar epithelium, especially in the digestive and respiratory tracts.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why bone tissue heals more rapidly than cartilage tissue after injury?

Accepted Answer

Bone tissue has a rich blood supply, providing nutrients and cells for repair, while cartilage is avascular.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct pairing of connective tissue cell type and its function?

Accepted Answer

Mast cells – mediate immune responses in areolar connective tissue

Anatomy & Physiology: Histology, Tissues, and Integumentary System Study Guide

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