$$ \text{pH} = -\log_{10} [\text{H}^+] $$

$$ \text{A} + \text{B} \rightarrow \text{AB} $$

$$ \text{Disaccharide} + \text{H}_2\text{O} \rightarrow \text{Monosaccharide}_1 + \text{Monosaccharide}_2 $$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the relationship between anatomy and physiology?

Accepted Answer

Anatomy focuses on the structure of body parts, while physiology explains how those parts function.

Question 2

A patient is experiencing dehydration. Which homeostatic mechanism is most likely activated to restore balance?

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback loop reducing urine output.

Question 3

Which of the following correctly lists the levels of organization in the human body from simplest to most complex?

Accepted Answer

Cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

Question 4

Which equation represents the relationship between hydrogen ion concentration and pH?

Accepted Answer

$$ 	ext{pH} = -\log_{10} [	ext{H}^+] $$

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of a synthesis reaction in the human body?

Accepted Answer

$$ 	ext{A} + 	ext{B} ightarrow 	ext{AB} $$

Question 6

A cell placed in a hypertonic solution will:

Accepted Answer

Lose water and shrink.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the function of enzymes in metabolic pathways?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy, allowing reactions to proceed faster.

Question 8

During aerobic respiration, most ATP is produced in which cellular organelle?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct description of DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Each new DNA molecule contains one original strand and one new strand.

Question 10

Which formula represents the hydrolysis of a disaccharide into two monosaccharides?

Accepted Answer

$$ 	ext{Disaccharide} + 	ext{H}_2	ext{O} ightarrow 	ext{Monosaccharide}_1 + 	ext{Monosaccharide}_2 $$

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

Contains abundant extracellular matrix.

Question 12

Which cell type is responsible for producing myelin in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes

Question 13

A person suffers a spinal cord injury that damages the gray matter. Which of the following is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Processing and integration of information by neuron cell bodies.

Question 14

Which equation best represents the breakdown of ATP to release energy?

Accepted Answer

$$ 	ext{ATP} + 	ext{H}_2	ext{O} ightarrow 	ext{ADP} + 	ext{P}_i + 	ext{energy} $$

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of melanin in the skin?

Accepted Answer

Melanin protects against ultraviolet (UV) radiation.

Question 16

Which of the following is a major function of the skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

Storage of calcium and phosphate.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the difference between compact and spongy bone?

Accepted Answer

Compact bone is dense and forms the outer layer of bones; spongy bone is porous and found inside bones.

Question 18

Which of the following is true regarding the neuromuscular junction?

Accepted Answer

It is the site where a motor neuron communicates with a muscle fiber.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the pathway of a nerve impulse from sensory receptor to effector?

Accepted Answer

Sensory receptor → interneuron → motor neuron → effector

Anatomy & Physiology I (BIO 210) Syllabus and Course Competencies Study Guide

Study Guide - Practice Questions