Question 1

Which of the following correctly lists the order of the meninges and spaces from superficial to deep surrounding the brain?

Accepted Answer

Dura mater → Subdural space → Arachnoid mater → Subarachnoid space → Pia mater

Question 2

A patient presents with sudden loss of speech and right-sided paralysis. Imaging reveals a blockage in the left middle cerebral artery. Which brain region is most likely affected, and what is the term for this event?

Accepted Answer

Left pre-central gyrus; cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

Question 3

Which structure connects the two cerebral hemispheres and allows communication between them?

Accepted Answer

Corpus callosum

Question 4

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the blood-brain barrier?

Accepted Answer

It is formed primarily by astrocytes and endothelial cells, restricting passage of most substances from blood to brain tissue.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the function of the thalamus?

Accepted Answer

It acts as a relay station for sensory information, directing signals to appropriate areas of the cerebrum.

Question 6

A patient with damage to Broca’s area will most likely experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Difficulty producing speech (expressive aphasia)

Question 7

Which of the following is a unique characteristic of the pia mater?

Accepted Answer

It is a thin, delicate layer that adheres directly to the surface of the brain and spinal cord.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the function of the cerebellum?

Accepted Answer

It coordinates voluntary movements and maintains balance and posture.

Question 9

Which landmark separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe?

Accepted Answer

Central sulcus

Question 10

Which of the following is TRUE regarding cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

Accepted Answer

CSF is produced by the choroid plexus, circulates through the ventricles, and contains glucose, ions, and proteins.

Question 11

Which of the following best explains the concept of contralateralization in the cerebrum?

Accepted Answer

Each hemisphere of the cerebrum controls the opposite side of the body.

Question 12

A patient suffers a spinal cord injury at the level of T12. Which of the following is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Paraplegia, affecting the lower limbs

Question 13

Which of the following structures is part of the diencephalon?

Accepted Answer

Hypothalamus

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of the reticular activating system?

Accepted Answer

It regulates alertness and wakefulness in the brain.

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of the basal nuclei (ganglia)?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of voluntary motor movements and inhibition of unnecessary movements.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the difference between a concussion and a contusion?

Accepted Answer

A concussion is a temporary disturbance in brain function, while a contusion involves actual tissue damage.

Question 17

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the cauda equina?

Accepted Answer

It is a bundle of spinal nerves at the lower end of the spinal cord, resembling a horse’s tail.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of the limbic system?

Accepted Answer

It regulates emotions, motivation, and memory.

Question 19

Which of the following is a normal component of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Question 20

A patient experiences sudden, temporary neurological deficits that resolve within 24 hours. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Transient ischemic attack (TIA)

Anatomy & Physiology I: Central Nervous System Study Guide – Step-by-Step Guidance

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