Q: Which of the following is a correct sequence of layers in the epidermis from deep to superficial?

$$ \text{Stratum basale} \rightarrow \text{Stratum spinosum} \rightarrow \text{Stratum granulosum} \rightarrow \text{Stratum corneum} $$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the phospholipid bilayer in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It acts as a barrier that is selectively permeable, allowing only certain molecules to cross while blocking others.

Question 2

A patient is unable to move their arm away from their body. Which anatomical movement is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Abduction

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the difference between passive and active transport across the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Passive transport moves substances down their concentration gradient without energy input, while active transport requires ATP to move substances against their gradient.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a function of the integumentary system?

Accepted Answer

Production of red blood cells

Question 5

A tissue sample is observed to have tightly packed cells with little extracellular matrix, forming a single layer lining the inside of blood vessels. Which type of tissue is this?

Accepted Answer

Simple squamous epithelial tissue

Question 6

Which of the following bones is classified as a short bone?

Accepted Answer

Carpal

Question 7

A patient has a fracture in the diaphysis of their femur. Which part of the bone is affected?

Accepted Answer

The shaft of the bone

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the process of endochondral ossification?

Accepted Answer

Bone replaces a pre-existing cartilage model during development.

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct example of a directional term used in anatomy?

Accepted Answer

The heart is superior to the diaphragm.

Question 10

A person is diagnosed with osteoporosis. Which of the following best explains the underlying problem?

Accepted Answer

Decreased bone density due to increased osteoclast activity and decreased bone formation

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the function of osteoclasts?

Accepted Answer

They break down bone matrix, releasing calcium into the blood.

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct sequence of layers in the epidermis from deep to superficial?

Accepted Answer

$$ 	ext{Stratum basale} ightarrow 	ext{Stratum spinosum} ightarrow 	ext{Stratum granulosum} ightarrow 	ext{Stratum corneum} $$

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of tendons in the musculoskeletal system?

Accepted Answer

They connect muscle to bone and transmit force to produce movement.

Question 14

A patient has a burn that damages the epidermis and the entire dermis, but not underlying tissues. Which type of burn is this?

Accepted Answer

Third-degree burn

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the difference between spongy bone and compact bone?

Accepted Answer

Spongy bone contains trabeculae and red marrow, while compact bone is dense and forms the outer layer of bones.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct example of a synovial joint and its movement?

Accepted Answer

Ball-and-socket joint in the shoulder – circumduction

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of fibroblasts in connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

They produce fibers and ground substance for the extracellular matrix.

Question 18

A patient is unable to dorsiflex their foot. Which movement is impaired?

Accepted Answer

Lifting the foot upward toward the shin

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of the stratum corneum in the epidermis?

Accepted Answer

It provides a tough, waterproof barrier to protect underlying tissues.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why glucose requires a protein channel to cross the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Glucose is a large, polar molecule that cannot diffuse through the hydrophobic core of the lipid bilayer.

Anatomy & Physiology I: Foundational Concepts and Systems Study Guide

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