Q: Which formula correctly represents the calculation of body surface area (BSA) using the Mosteller formula?

BSA $$= \sqrt{\frac{height\ (cm) \times weight\ (kg)}{3600}}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the integumentary system in maintaining homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

It provides a barrier to pathogens and regulates body temperature via sweat production.

Question 2

A patient presents with a burn that damages both the epidermis and the dermis. Which type of burn is this, and what is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Second-degree burn; may result in blistering and loss of sensation.

Question 3

Which equation best represents the process of osmosis across a semipermeable membrane?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis is described by $$J = -D \frac{dC}{dx}$$, where $$J is $$the flux, $$D is $$the diffusion coefficient, and $$\frac{dC}{dx} is $$the concentration gradient.

Question 4

A neuron receives a stimulus that causes sodium channels to open. What is the immediate effect on the membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

The membrane potential becomes less negative, resulting in depolarization.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the role of the endocrine system in regulating physiological processes?

Accepted Answer

It releases hormones into the bloodstream to regulate target organs over longer periods.

Question 6

A patient with hyperthyroidism is likely to experience which of the following symptoms due to increased metabolic rate?

Accepted Answer

Weight loss and increased heart rate.

Question 7

Which formula correctly represents the calculation of body surface area (BSA) using the Mosteller formula?

Accepted Answer

BSA $$= \sqrt{\frac{height\ (cm) 	imes weight\ (kg)}{3600}}$$

Question 8

During muscle contraction, which sequence correctly describes the events at the neuromuscular junction?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine is released, binds to receptors, sodium enters the muscle cell, and an action potential is generated.

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct application of directional terms in anatomy?

Accepted Answer

The stomach is inferior to the diaphragm.

Question 10

A patient suffers a spinal cord injury at the level of T6. Which of the following is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Motor and sensory function in the lower limbs.

Question 11

Which equation best represents the calculation of the rate of diffusion according to Fick's Law?

Accepted Answer

Rate $$= D 	imes A 	imes \frac{\Delta C}{\Delta x}$$, where $$D is $$the diffusion coefficient, $$A is $$area, $$\Delta C is $$concentration difference, and $$\Delta x is $$distance.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of osteoblasts in bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

Osteoblasts synthesize new bone matrix and promote mineralization.

Question 13

A patient is diagnosed with osteoporosis. Which of the following best explains the underlying mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Increased activity of osteoclasts leads to bone resorption and decreased bone density.

Question 14

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the function of the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Increased heart rate and pupil dilation during a stressful event.

Question 15

Which formula represents the calculation of the resting membrane potential using the Nernst equation?

Accepted Answer

$$E = \frac{RT}{zF} \ln \left( \frac{[ion]_{outside}}{[ion]_{inside}} \right)$$

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of synovial fluid in articulations?

Accepted Answer

It lubricates joint surfaces and reduces friction during movement.

Question 17

A patient is unable to distinguish between sweet and salty tastes. Which special sense is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Gustation (taste)

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

It stores and releases calcium ions to initiate muscle contraction.

Question 19

A patient with a pituitary tumor is experiencing abnormal growth. Which hormone is most likely involved?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone (GH)

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